crowder A & P chap 7 and chap 10
About this set
Created by:
bloofygirl on October 26, 2011
Subjects:
clinical anatomy and physiology
Description:
muscles and the respiratory system
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102 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 skeletal muscule, cardiac muscule, and smooth muscle | What are the 3 types of muscle |
| move the bones, generate heat | what are some of the characteristics of skeletal muscle |
| heart,pump blood | what are some of the characteristics of cardiac muscle |
| internal organs, blood vessels, eye produce movements in internal organs and structures | what are some of the characteristics of the smooth muscle |
| tendons | what attaches muscles to bone |
| prime mover | what does AGONIST do |
| oppose the action | what does Antagonist do |
| a muscle which works with the agonist to assist the movemement | what does SYNERGIST do |
| muscle which stabilizes joints | what does Fixator do |
| Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius | what are the 4 parts of the quadriceps |
| diaphragm (flattens) and external intercostals (exten ribs) | what are the Inspiratory muscles |
| the internal intercostals and abdominal muscles | what are the Expiratory muscles |
| sarcolemma | what is the cell membrane of a muscle cell |
| sarcolemma | Multiple nuclei at the edge of the cell membrane are called |
| Endomysium | Each fiber surrounded by connective tissue of reticular fibers is called |
| Epimysium | Groups of fascicles are bound together by-------------made mostley of collagen fibers. Is continous with tendons and aponeuroses |
| Sinatrial (sa) node in the right atrium= pacemaker | In the cardiac muscle contraction begins within the muscle at the what |
| Glycogen, Myoglobin | Glucose and oxygen are primary sources of ATP, which can be stored in muscle cells as _______ and __________ (attached to protein) |
| oxygen | Myoglobin is red and can store and release large quantities of what |
| Aerobic metabloism | What occurs in muscles when oxygen is adequate |
| Heat | What does muscle contraction produce |
| Anaerobic metabolism | what occurs when oxygen is low producing latic acid |
| Intercalated disks | Cardiac muscle is attached by _______________ ________ which also help to transmit impluses from cell to cell so contraction well coordinated |
| All-or-nothing | Muscle fibers contract completely or not at all what is the principle called |
| Perimysium | Groups of muscle fibers called fascicles are bound together connective tissue composed of reticular and collagen fibers is called |
| Respirations function | To bring oxygen (o2) into the body and to carry out carbon dioxide |
| External respiration function | Exchange of O2 in the inhaled air in the lungs and CO2 in the vlood whithin the capillaries |
| Internal respiration function | Exchange of O2 and CO2 all over the body in the syustemic capillaries |
| Phonation | Voice production as air flows over fibrous connective tissue call vocal cords |
| 7.35 - 7.45 optimum being 7.4 | Blood pH should be |
| Lower | Do you have higher or lower pH with more CO2 in your respiratiory system |
| Hyoid bone | what is the larynx supported by |
| Surfactant | Each alveolus is lined with a thin layer of fluid called |
| 2 lobes of the left lung and 4 lobes of the right lung | How many lobs do most animals have |
| Horse | what animal has no lobes |
| Hilus | What of the lung is on the medial aspect where the air, blood,lymph, and nerves inter and exit. ALso where the lung is fastened in place |
| Alveoli expand and surfactant within the alveolar fluid keeps them from colapsing (lungs then float) | If a new born animal dies,how can you tell if it had taken a breath of air before diying |
| Negative | Pressure within the thorax is _____________ with respect to the atmospheric pressure |
| External intercostal ,inspiration | Contraction of diaphragm and _________ ____ muscles to lift the ribs allows for _______ as the lungs passively expand |
| Partial vacuum exists | ______________ in the thorax which pulls the lungs tightly against the thoracic wall |
| Expiration/ internal intercostals / abdominal muscles | ________ is due to the contraction of ______ ______ that rotate the ribs backward,and ______ ________, that push the abdominal organs against the diaphragm,which degreases the size of the thorax and drives the air out |
| Tidal volume | Volume of air that is inspired and expired in one breath |
| Minute volume | Volume of air inspired and expired in one minute(tidal colume x breaths per minute |
| Residual volume | Air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration |
| Diffusion | Inhaled air in the alveoli comes in contact with blood with lower O2 levels and higher CO2 levels so gasis are exchanged by _____due ti the concentration gradient. |
| Medulla oblongata | Control of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the |
| Carotid body/ carotid artery/ aotic body | Chemical receptors in the ________ in the _____ and the _____ in the aorta and also receptors in the brain monitor the amounts of CO2,O2 and the pH of the blood |
| Increase inspiration | Rise in CO2 and decrease in pH stimulate the respiratory center to ______________ |
| phosphorus | which of the folowing is not required for muscular contraction and relaxation. CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS-SODIUM-POTASSIUM |
| Extention of the stifle | The function of the muscles making up the quadriceps femoris is |
| Fascia | Muscle fibers are held together by connective tissue and are enclosed in a sheet of fibrous membrane called |
| Masseter | The large,round,lateral check muscle used primarily for elevation of the mandible to aid in chewing is the |
| extensor | a muscle whose movement increases the angle between 2 bones is know as |
| Lunmbodorsal fascia | The extensive aponeurosis that covers the lower back to join the superficial muscles in the area is calledthe |
| Clavobrachialis | the muscle that is located on the shoulder originates on the clavicle,insers on the ulna,and whose action is to flez the forearm is the |
| caudofemoralls | the gluteal muscles include the gluteus medius,the gluteus maximus,and the |
| external oblique,internal oblique,trnsverse abdominis | what is the sequences of the abdominal muscle layers in order,stating with the most superficial |
| rectus abdominis | the muscle that is found in the midventral abdominal area on either side of the linea alba,extending from the pubis to the upper ribs, and sternum, is the |
| masseter | what is a powerful muscle of the head that contributes to the act of chewing by closing the mouth |
| atrophy | what muscle condition would recult from lack of use,such as during immobilization of a fractured bone or as a result of nerce damage |
| gracilis | what muscle is obserced from the medial surface of the thigh |
| extend the stifle | the chief action of the quadriceps femoris group is to |
| extension of the forearm | what is the chief action of the 3 heads of the triceps brachil |
| protection | which of the follwing is not a function of the muscular system. protection,generation of body heat,tranport of ingesta through intestinal tract,movement of the skeleton |
| antagonist | which one of the following works in opposition to the prime mover,relaxing as the prime mover is contracting. fixator,antagonist,synergist,flexor |
| between the thorax and shoulder | the principal muscle of respiration is the diaphragm. where is it located |
| striated,smooth,and cardiac | in general,muscles are divided into 3 major groups according to their cellular structure.they are |
| purkinje figers | what feature is unique to cardiac muscle |
| adduction | what word describes the action of a muscle that moves an exremity toward the midline |
| triceps brachium | what muscle is the main extensor of the elbow |
| frexion of the elbow | what is the chief action of the biceps brachium |
| medial | a hip adductor is found on which side of the femur |
| tibia | what is the point of insertion for the 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris |
| external oblique | which abdominal muscle layer is the most superficial |
| one fourth | the maximum amount that a muscle fiber can contract is about what proportion of ist resting length |
| origin | the least movable of the attachments of a muscle to bone is the |
| abductors | muscles that tend to pull a limb away from the median plane are termed |
| gastrochemius | the large muscle in the calf of the leg that flexes the stifle and extends the hock |
| cutanious | muscles that attach to the skin and are responsible for skin movement are termed |
| shivering | the spasmodic muscular contractions that produce heat to help maintain normal body temperature are called |
| trapezius | what triangular and flat muscle originates along the dorsel midline and inserts mainly on the spine of the scapula |
| pectoralis | what muscle is the main adductor of the shoulder |
| hamstring muscles | the biceps femoris, semitendinosus,and simimimbranosus are know collectively as the |
| nasal passages | most conditioning of inspired air occurs in the |
| mastication | which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system, acid-base refulation-mastication-olfaction-phonation |
| alveoli | the sites in the lung where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood are the |
| larynx | the short,irregular tubular structure in the neck region that acts as a vavle to control airflow to the lungs is the |
| diffusion | the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood in the lungs is accomplished by |
| bronchus | the main tubular structure in the neck region that carries air to and from the lungs is the |
| trachea | what structure is not part of the upper respiratotry tract |
| in the lungs | external resperation takes place |
| phonation | what is a major function of the larynx |
| mainsten bronchi | proceeding caudally,the trachea bifurcates into two |
| skeletal muscle | the diaphragm is primarily made up of |
| Bronchi, trachea,larynx,pharynx,nasal passages | List the respiratoru structures in the order throufh which air passes during exhalation |
| internal respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and the cells and tissues is termed |
| Diaphragm(flattens) and external intercostals (extend ribs) | What are the inspiratory muscles |
| internal intercostals and abdominal muscles | What are the expiratory muscles |
| Nasal meatus | Divide nasal passages into 3 main passageways each called |
| Ventral meatus | What is between the ventral turbinate and floor of nasal passage |
| Dorsal meatus | What is between dorsal turvinate and roof of nasal passage |
| Middle meatus | what is between the dorsal and ventral turbinates |
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