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English constitution Parliamentary sovereignty is the bedrock of this unwritten doctrine natural reproduction Supply the main reason for population growth in the colonies scots-irish They moved along the Western frontier of Pennsylvania, squatting on whatever land looked best to them. Discriminated in their "homeland". Which group of immigrants does this characterize? Germans Traveled to Pennsylvania in search of religious toleration but later to better their material lives. Accommodated to new social conditions. Which group of immigrants does this characterize? Spanish north american settlement lack of resources, native hostility, and failure to find precious metal were all problems with what? the great awakening a unified religious revival that consisted of emotional preaching and shifted power from the established clergy to the individual jonathan edwards thought eternal fate was determined by an omnipotent god and dependent on the lord's will. Old Lights Critics of the great awakening and the enlightenment who valued the clergy, and wanted a return to puritan values New lights Traveling preachers who did not value the need for congregation or church; practiced dramatic, unscripted preaching; your personal relationship with god was all that mattered. Attacked OL's as elitist and attacked authority in general. rejected the laws of the established church and did not emphasize human sinfulness or damnation George Tennent Attacked formal learning and established ministers George Grenville Prime minister who oversaw the sugar, stamp Sugar Act Act that labeled the colonies as a source of revenue; the duty on molasses was reduced to give colonists little means to bribe customs officials. Protest was confined to people who had interest in commerce or assembly members, who thought parliament could not tax british subjects without them having a say. Stamp Act Parliament, believing they had the right to tax colonists, forced Americans to purchase stamps to validate legal documents. It was the first direct tax on the colonists themselves rather than ones paid by the merchants in colonial ports. The stamp act congress was called and agreed that taxes needed the consent of the people before being imposed Sons of liberty Group responsible for tearing homes and burning effigies of stamp creators. persuaded merchants to boycott british goods until the stamp & townshend acts were repealed Declaratory Act passed after the retreat on the stamp act, declared that parliament was supreme over the colonists (did nothing) John Locke philosopher who claimed that all people possessed inalienable rights. free men formed contracts to preserve these god-given rights, and these were created by the people who were governed. rebellion against unreasonable, arbitrary forms of government that failed to protect those rights was justified. Loyalists Colonists loyal to the british, they were the "biggest losers" of the revolutionary war. In britain, they were treated as second-class citizens, and in america, rebel retaliation and mistrust from british regulars were problems. they believed independence would promote disorder Tea Act in an attempt to save the EIC, parliament made tea cheaper by allowing direct trade from india with the americas and eliminating the duties company officials had to pay in english ports. the tax on tea collected in american ports remained, however, and the act seemed like a scheme to win support for parliamentary sovereignty. colonial merchants who smuggled dutch tea were also pissed Quartering Acts required colonists to house and feed soldiers in barracks and vacant buildings prohibitory act prohibited & blockaded american commerce intolerable acts Basically a punishment on MA for the Boston tea party, these acts: 1)closed boston harbor until the city compensated the EIC for the lost tea 2)restructured MA govt. by appointing, not holding elections for, its upper house 3)allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in england, where they probs. wouldn't get convicted 4)authorized the army to quarter troops wherever they needed, including private buildings first continental congress convened after the coercive acts; drafted the suffolk resolves, which encouraged forcible resistance to the coercive acts, "the Association", a network of committees encouraging nonimportation, was made second continental congress consisted of moderates vs advocates of independence; waited until popular support was gained before declaring independence, and named washington the head of the continental army. patrick henry introduced five resolutions protesting the stamp act, declaring that virginians had the right to tax themselves townshend acts placed duties on paint, paper, tea, lead and glass. americans thought taxes could not be levied on colonies w/o consent of the rep. assemblies, boycotted again. MA assembly drafts the circular letter, asking other colonies requesting the other colonies to thwart the _______ acts. In response, its royal gov. dissolves the body and other colonies take up the circular letter in MA's defense. these duties were repealed, with the exception of tea thomas paine's "common sense" argued: - It was unreasonable to view england as the mother country, since colonists had come from all across Europe - Attacked the King's arbitrary behavior