| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Hernando Cortez | landed in present-day Mexico; conquered Aztecs in 1521 |
| John Cabot | In 1497, landed in Newfoundland. First European given credit for reaching the North American mainland |
| Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur De La Salle | Hoped to set trading posts on Mississippi River, named Louisiana. Hoped to sail to Gulf of Mexico, but failed. Explored Oklahoma |
| Hernando de Soto | In 1539, explored Florida and other areas of the Southeast. Explored Arkansas River in 1542. |
| Vasco de Gama | Suceeded in sailing around Africa in 1498. |
| Juan De Onate | Settling New Mexico, 1595. Hoped to spread catholicism and get rich. Studied Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas for the Quiriva. His writings opened the door to exploration. |
| Francisco Pizarro | defeated Inca in Peru in 1535 |
| Christopher Columbus | led an expedition financed by Spain to the New World searching to a route to the Far Easy by the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. Landed in San Salvador in 1492. |
| Bartholomew Diaz | sailed to southern tip of Africa in 1488. |
| Juan Marinez De Montoya | made a settlement in Santa Fe in 1608 |
| Juan de Padilla | returned to Quiriva for missionary efforts, with Coronado. Killed by Kaw Indians |
| Ferdinand Magellan | A Portugese explorer who circumnavigated the globe |
| La Harpe | established trading post along Red River in 1719, explored Eastern Oklahoma. Beginning of French trade in Oklahoma, formed an alliance with the Wichita Indians |
| Louis Jolliet | Sailed down Mississippi River in 1673 but founded no Northwest Passage, sailed as far south as the Quapaw Village |
| Moyne and Bienville | explored Canadian River for France while trying to open trade routes to Santa Fe in 1718. Founded New Orleans. |
| Northwest Passage | water route to Asia through the North American continent |
| calumet | a long ceremonial pipe |
| alliance | a close association to advance the common interests of the parties |
| cartographer | mapmaker |
| expedition | a journey for a specific purpose such as exploration |
| Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria | the three ships that would make the journey from Palos, Spain to San Salvador |
| Disease | What killed the most destruction of the Native Americans? |
| The Explorers | What killed a vast majority of the Native Americans? |
| Smallpox, chicken pox | What diseases were introduced to the Native Americans? |
| Vinland | Leif Ericsson's settlement from the Vikings in 1001 A.D. Located in Labrador, in Eastern Canada |
| Pawnee, Wichita, Kaw, Nassonite | What Native American Indians were discovered by the explorers |
| maize, beans, potatoes, squash, pumpkins, cacoe, tomatoes, bell peppers, peanuts, passion fruit, sunflowers, berries | What plants/items were introduced to the Europeans? |
| rye, radishes, beets, sugar cane, rice, peaches, oats, melons, onions, coffee, and wheat | What plants/items were introduced to the Native Americans? |
| Why did Spain want to come to America? | Gold, Glory, and God |
| Why did France want to come to America? | Furs and trade |
| Why did England want to come to America? | to find the Northwest Passage |
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