| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Bhagavad-Gita | one of the sacred writings of Hinduism |
| reincarnation | the rebirth of a soul in another body |
| karma | in Hinduism, the consequences of a person's actions in this life, which determines his or her fate in the next life |
| nirvana | in Buddhism, a state of wisdom that breaks the cycle of reincarnation |
| Buddhism | a major world religion based ont he teachings of Siddhartha Gautama |
| Buddha | a name, meaning the "enlightened one," used for Siddhartha Gautma |
| Hinduism | the modern name for the major religion of India, which developed fro Brahmanism |
| parliamentary | relating to a government with the parliament form of legislation |
| prime minister | the head of the cabinet and chief executive of government in a parliamentary system |
| Kashmir | a region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent; India and Pakistan dispute control of Kashmir |
| Green Revolution | the use of speical seeds, irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides to produce high crop yields and food produciton |
| cottage industry | a small business in which the workers manufacture items in their homes |
| Bangalore | Indian city that is home to many high-tech industries |
| legislature | the law-making body of a government |
| monarch | a king or queen who rules a country or territory |
| subcontinent | a large landmass that is part of a continent but is considered separate |
| Himalayas | the highest mountains inthe world which stretch along northern India, separating India from the rest of Asia |
| Mount Everest | the world's tallest mountain located in the Himalayas |
| Deccan Plateau | a high area of land of the center of the Indian subcontinent |
| Indus River | a river in south asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Aryan Sea |
| Ganes River | a river |
| Monsoon | a seasonal wind system that produces a wet or dry period in a region |
| What countries make up South Asia | Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutany, Bangladesh, Maldies, and Sri Lanka |
| India and parts of South Asia are known as a what ? | subcontinent |
| List the nine dominant land forms of South Asia: | 1) Hindu Kins Mountains, 2) Himalaya Mountains, 3) Deccan Plateau, 4) Indus River, 5) Ganges River, 6) Brahonaputra River, 7) Thar deser, 8) Wesern Ghals, 9) Eastern Ghals |
| Millions of years ago there was one super continent call what? | Pangaea |
| Indian society is divided into five groups? | 1) Brahman, 2) Ksatriya, 3) Vaisya, 4) Sudra, & 5) Untouchables |
| What is the caste system based on? | work or occupation |
| Brahman | First group of caste system: priests and teachers |
| Ksatriya | 2nd group of caste system: rulers, nobles, and warriors |
| Vaisya | 3rd group of caste system: bankers, merchants |
| Sudra | 4th group of caste system: artisans and laborers |
| Untouchables | they did the jobs that no one else wanted to do |
| What did Europeans called social classes in the 1500's? | castes |
| Who has the largest movie industry in the world? | Bollywood |
| What two names are combined to make the word Bollywood? | Hollywood and Bombay |
| What one thing separates Indian films apart? | many of Bollywood's films feature song-and-dance numbers |
| Indian movies are often based on what? | ancient myths and folk tales |
| Dussehra | celebrates the triumph of good over evil |
| How is Dussehra celebrated in North India? | people create likenesses of the evil king Ravana, stuff them with firecrackers, and explode them |
| How is Dussehra celebrated in East India? | festival called Durga Puja and involves worship of a deity named Durga |
| occurs only 20 days after DusssehraDiwali | Diwali |
| known as a festival of lights, it is celebrated by lighting oil lamps and setting off fireworks | Diwali |
| Which holiday worships the deity of wealth, prosperity, the fstival is very important to business people? | Diwali |
| Which holiday celebrates the end of winter and is a joyful festival? | Holi |
| To express joy, people throw colored waer and powder on each other and exchange sweets during this holiday? | Holi |
| Originally this celebration was what type of festival? | harvest |
| This holiday was a celebration of triumph of what? | good over evil |
| What were the three main empires to rule India? List them in order | 1) Mauryan Empire, 2) Golden Age of the Guptas, and 3) Muslims and Mughals |
| During what empire did Buddha or "enlightened one" develop? | The Mauryan Empire |
| During what empire was warfare given up and missionaries sent out to spread Buddhism? | Mauryan Empire |
| What do historians call the Gupta empire? | a Golden Age |
| What is a Golden Age? | a time of prosperity and cultural achievements |
| During what empire was the decimal system and zero developed? | the Golden Age of Gupta |
| Who ruled during the Golden Age? | The Gupta Empire |
| During what empire were plays that were great works of literature and beautiful temples and cave paintings created? | Golden Age of the Guptas |
| During what empire was the Taj Mahal, a tomb built as beautiful as the shah's wife built? | The Mughal Empire |
| What is considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world? | The Taj Mughal |
| During what empire did the religion of Islam begin? | Muslim AND Mughals |
| Who were the Mughals? | a Muslim group from Central Asia |
| What is the purpose of the Indian National Congress? | it was formed to gain equal status for Indians |
| Who made up the Indian National Congress? | people from all over India |
| What group became a nationalistic orgainization and adopted the goal of independence for India? | Indian National Congress |
| Mohandes Gandhi | an Indian lawyer who became one of the National Congress's best-known leaders for independence from Britain |
| Who believed in nonviolent resistance? | Mahandes Gandhi |
| What is nonviolent resistance? | using only peaceful methods to force rulers to give up rule |
| What is the Muslim League? | a second nationalistic group who feared that the Hindu majority would shut the out of the government after India gained independence |
| At first what was the Muslim League's goal | to give Muslims a role in Indian government |
| What was the second goal or demand of the Muslim League? | that India be partitioned (split) into two independent countries |
| What two independent countries did the Muslim League want India partitioned into? | one Hindu and the other Muslim |
| Why was India partitioned into two nations? | Because of the disagreements between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League |
| Country with majority Hindu majority? | India |
| Country with majority Muslim majority? | Pakistan |
| What happened to India once independence was granted (What did the Hindus get and what did the Muslims get) | It was partitioned into two nationals: India - majority Hindu rule and Pakistan - majority Muslim rule |
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