1.
Acondroplasia: cartilage model of skeleton doesnt form properly. caused by an autosomal dominant allele
2.
Amniocentesis: a syringe withfraws 20mL of amniotic fluid, which contains shed fetal cells and fetal waste
3.
bell curve: the type of curve if a trait shows continuous variation
4.
Camptodactyly: finger shape and movement are abnormal
5.
Codominance: two nonidentical alleles of a gene are both fully expressed in heterozygotes, so neither is dominant or recessive
6.
Continuous Variation: other traits that occur in a range of small differences
7.
Cri-du-chat: (cry of the cat) deletion of chromosome 5 causes mental impairment and an abnormally shaped larynx
8.
Deletion: loss of some portion of a chromosome
9.
Dihybrid crosses: done to determine dominance relationship between alleles at two loci
10.
Dominant: gene that produces the same phenotype in an organism whether or not the allele is identical
11.
Down syndrome: only tricomis individuals who reach adulthood. upward slanting eyes, deep crease across sole of foot and palm of hand. moderate to severe mental impairment and heart problems
12.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: muscle degeneration. genes of X encodes dystrophin, structural/support protein muscle cells
13.
Duplications: normal chromosomes have DNA sequences that are duplicated several times
14.
embryo: up to 8 weeks after fertilization
15.
Epistasis: Interactions between different gene products.
16.
fetus: 8+ weeks after fertilization
17.
Fibrilin: fibers that give elasticity to tissues of heart, skin, blood vessels, tendons, and other body parts.
18.
Galactosemia: Malnutrition, diarrhea, vomiting, damage to eyes, liver and brain, eventual death. caused by a recessive autosomal inheritance
19.
genetic screening: routine testing for alleles associated with genetic disorders. provides info on reproduction risks
20.
Genotypes: the version of genes someone has. (Not visible)
21.
Hemophilia A: x-linked recessive disorder; interferes with blood clotting.
22.
Heterozygous: two different versions of that trait
23.
Homozygous: two of the same trait
24.
Huntington's Disease: involuntary muscle movements increase as nervous system deteriorates. Caused by an autosomal dominant allele
25.
Incomplete Dominance: one allele of a pair isnt fully dominant over its partner, so heterzygote's phenotype is between that of the homozygotes
26.
inversion: part of the DNA sequence within the chromosome becomes oriented in the reverse direction, with no loss
27.
Karyotyping: diagnostic tool that helps determine the individual's diploid set of chromosomes
28.
Klienfelter's syndrome(XXY): outcome of nondisjunction. feminizing effects: small testes and prostate glands, low sperm count, sparse body hair, enlarged breasts
29.
law of Independant Assortment: "Genes are sorted into gametes independently of other genes"
30.
Law of Segregation: "Diploid cells have pairs of genes, or pairs of homologous chromosomes. The two genes of each pair are separated from one another during meiosis, so they end up in different gametes."
31.
Linkage Groups: all genes on a chromosome
32.
Monohybrid experiments: testcrosses that check for a dominance relationship between two alleles at a single locus
33.
nondisjunction: 1+ pairs of chromosomes do not seperate properly during mitosis or meiosis
34.
Pleiotrophy: one gene that influences multiple traits
35.
polyploid: cells that normally have 3+ types of each chromosomes
36.
Prenatal: before birth
37.
Progeria: mutated allele produces hutchinson-gilfork progeria syndrome. accelerated rate of aging and short life span.
38.
Punnett Squares: used to calculate the probability of a genotype
39.
Recessive: gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical
40.
Testcross: method of determining genotype
41.
Translocation: part of a broken chromosome attaches to a different chromosome or to a different part of the same one
42.
Tyrosinase: enzyme that affects the coat color of Himalayan rabbits
43.
XYY syndrome: taller than average, mild mental temperament
