Inside earth 4&5
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Created by:
dtharrison on February 24, 2009
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition |
| inorganic | not arising from materials that were once part of a living thing |
| crystal | a solid with repeating patterns |
| element | substance composed of a single kind of atom |
| compound | two or more elements chemically combined |
| Mohs hardness scale | scale that ranks minerals from the hardest to the softest |
| streak | color of a mineral's powder when it is rubbed on an unglazed tile |
| luster | a mineral's ability to reflect light from its surface |
| cleavage | a mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces |
| fracture | the way a mineral looks when it is split apart |
| fluorescence | the property in which a mineral can glow under ultraviolet light |
| texture | the look and feel of a rock's surface |
| grain | a particle of minerals or other rocks that give the rock its texture |
| igneous rock | rocks formed from the cooling of molten rock |
| sedimentary rock | rocks formed when particles of other rock or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | rock formed when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock formed from lava that erupted on the surface of the Earth |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock formed when magma hardens beneath the surface of the earth |
| porphyritic texture | an igneous rock texture in which large crystals are scattered on a background of much smaller crystals |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things |
| deposition | the process by which sediments settle out of the water or wind carrying it |
| compaction | process that presses sediments together |
| cementation | process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediments together |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock that forms fragments are squeezed together |
| organic rock | rock that forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| chemical rock | rock that forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize |
| foliated | metamorphic rock whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| rock cycle | a series of processes on the surface and inside earth that slowly change rocks from one kind to another |
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