| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Mitosis | the process in which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus, into two identical sets in two daughter nuclei |
| Meiosis | cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number |
| Somatic Cell | any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells |
| Autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| Gamete | a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Diploid | an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell |
| Haploid | of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes |
| Cytokinesis | the process where the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells |
| Homologue | One of a group of similar DNA sequences that share a common ancestry |
| Homologous Chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes containing the same linear gene sequences, each derived from one parent |
| Chromatin | the complex of DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes |
| Zygote | The cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (a sperm ) and a female sex cell (an ovum ) |
| Sister Chromatid | one half of a replicated chromosome |
| Blastula | early stage of an embryo produced by cleavage of an ovum |
| Meristem | the zone of active cell division in a plant |
| Restriction Point | In the mammalian cell cycle, a time late in the G1 phase at which the cell commits to the replication of its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). |
| Cleavage Furrow | the indentation that begins the process of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis |
| DDI | a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, effective against HIV and used in combination with other antiretroviral drug therapy as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| Crossing over | the process by which two chromosomes pair up and exchange sections of their DNA |
| Tetrad | a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half |
| Chiasma | e point where two homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material during chromosomal crossover during meiosis |
| Polar Body | a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded |
| Synapsis | he pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis |
| Acrosome | A compartment in the head of the sperm that contains enzymes that allow the sperm to penetrate the protective layers of an egg |
| Daughter Cell | A cell produced by reproductive division of a cell during mitosis or meiosis |
| Cell plate | The precursor of the cell wall, formed at the beginning of cell division |
| Kinetochore | he protein structure on chromosomes where the spindle fibers attach during division to pull the chromosomes apart |
| Spermatogenesis | The process of sperm production in the testes |
| OOgenesis | development of ova |
| "n" | the number of chromosomes present in a haploid cell |
| Prophase | a stage of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome, in which the chromatin becomes visible |
| Metaphase | is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which condensed chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the middle of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells |
| Anaphase | the stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle |
| Interphase | the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends the majority of its time and performs the majority of its purposes including preparation for cell division. Interphase is considered to be the 'living' phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other "normal" cell functions. |
| Telophase | Separate membranes form around the chromosome sets at each pole to form two nuclei. The chromosomes elongate and the spindle disappears |
| histone | the chief protein components of chromatin |
Combine with other sets
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