| Term | Definition |
|---|
| caldera | What is a circular depression that forms when a magma chamber empties and causes the ground above to sink |
| cinder cone volcano | What is a small, steeply sloped volcano that forms from moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material |
| composite volcano | Name a volcano made of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material; also called stratovolcano |
| crater | What is a funnel-shaped pit around the central vent of a volcano |
| hot spot | Name a place on Earth's surface that is directly above a column of rising magma called a mantle plume |
| lava | Name the magma that flows onto the Earth's surface |
| pyroclastic material | What do you call those fragments of rock that are created by explosive volcanic eruptions |
| rift | What is a deep crack that forms between tectonic plates as they separate |
| shield volcano | What is a large, gently sloped volcano that forms from repeated, nonexplosive eruptions of lava |
| silica | What compound do you get when you combine silicon and oxygen atoms |
| vent | What is the name of a hole in the Earth's crust through which magma rises to the surface |
| volcano | What do you call a mountain that forms when molten rock, called magma, is forced to the Earth's surface |
| Magma | What is forced to the Earth's surface when a volcano forms? |
| pyroclastic material | An explosive volcanic eruption can give flight to solid rock fragments called |
| explosive eruptions | What are caused by silica-rich magma which tends to harden in a volcano's vent |
| particle size | Pyroclastic material is classified primarily by |
| Blocky, Pahoehoe, Aa, Pillow Lava | Types of Lava |
| Blocky Lava (1st Definition) | Kind of lava which is cool, stiff lava that cannot travel far from the erupting vent |
| Blocky Lava (2nd Definition) | Kind of Lava which usually oozes from volcano, forming jumbled heaps of sharp edged chunks |
| Pahoehoe Lava | Kind of Lava which flows slowly, like wax dripping from a candle, forming a glassy surface with rounded wrinkles |
| Aa Lava | Kind of Lava which is stiffer and pours out quickly and forms a brittle crusts |
| Pillow Lava | Kind of lava that forms when lava erupts underwater. Forms rounded lumps that are the size and shape of pillow |
| Shield, Cinder cone, Composite Volcano | Different types of Volcanoes |
| Shield Volcano | Large, gently sloped volcano. Forms from repeated, nonexplosive eruptions of lava |
| Cinder cone Volcano | Small, steeply sloped volcano. Forms from moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material |
| Composite Volcano | Also called Stratovolcano. Made of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material |
| Volcano erupts when the pressure within the molten magma below the surface becomes stronger than the strength of the rocks on the surface that make up the volcano. The magma then finds the path of least resistance to the surface and erupts | How does volcano erupt |
| Volcanic blocks, Volcanic bombs, Lapilli, Volcanic ash | types of Pyroclastic material (Largest to smallest) |
| number & intensity of small earthquakes increases, bulges in the volcano slopes may form as magma pushes against the inside of volcano, ratio of certain gases increases, measurement of temperature from orbit can indicate eruption | Describe signs that might indicate that a volcano might erupt soon |
| nonexplosive eruption | kind of lava where continuos flow of lava pours quietly from the crater |
| ring of fire | an area of volcanic activity along the borders of the Pacific Ocean, This refers to the belt or chain of volcanoes and earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean. |
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