An Introduction to Human Geography: The Cultural Landscape (Rubenstein): chapter 10 vocabulary terms
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agribusiness | system of commercial farming found in the United States and other relatively developed countries. |
| Boserup Hypothesis | based on the observation that explains how population increase necessitates increased inputs of labor and technology to compensate for reductions in the natural yields of swidden farming. |
| Carl Sauer | first to observe vegetable planting. |
| Commercial Agriculture | found in more developed countries; production of food primarily for sale off the farm. |
| Crop Rotation | practice of rotating the use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil. |
| Desertification | process in semiarid regions where human actions are causing land to deteriorate to a desert-like condition. |
| Domestication | process of making something commercialized for larger production. |
| Fallow | when farmers grow crops on a clear field for only a few years until the soil nutrients are depleted. The farmers then leave the soil for a few year so the nutrients in the soil can be restored; uncropped land. |
| Green Revolution | invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques during the 1970s and 1980s. |
| Horticulture | growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
| Intensive Subsistence Agriculture | term applied to subsistence agriculture that means that farmers must work more intensively to subsist on a parcel of land. |
| Luxury Crops | "hard to get" crops; delicacies; crops that you would not normally see. |
| Market Gardening (Truck Farming) | commercial gardening and fruit farming named because "truck" means bartering. |
| Mediterranean Agriculture | form agriculture that takes place along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. The sea winds provide moisture for the crops and moderate winter temperatures, and this form of agriculture takes place in hilly, mountainous regions. The two primary cash crops in this form of agriculture are olives and grapes. |
| Milkshed | ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling. |
| Paddy | inaccurate name given by Europeans and North Americans to the flooded field in which wet rice is planted; Malay word for wet rice. |
| Pastoral Nomadism | form of agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. |
| Plantation | large farm that specializes in one or two crops. |
| Ranching | commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area. |
| Ridge Tillage | system of planting crops on ridge tops to reduce farm production costs; promotes soil conservation. |
| Seed Agriculture | reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization. |
| Shifting Cultivation | people shift actively from one field to another. |
| Slash-and-Burn (Swidden) | farmers clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning the debris. Swidden is the cleared area that is known by a variety of names in different regions (swidden is the name in one specific region). |
| Subsistence Agriculture | found in LDCs. Production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer's family. |
| Sustainable Agriculture | agricultural practice that preserves and enhances environmental quality. |
| Thomas Malthus | first one to observe that rapidly increasing population will cause overpopulation and not enough resources for all of the people. |
| Transhumance | seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas. |
| Truck farms | horticultural or "market gardening" farms. |
| Vegetative Planting | reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants, such as cutting stems. |
| von Thunen's Model of Agriculture | model that shows that the uses to which panels were put was a function of the differing "rent" values placed on seemingly identical lands. |
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