| Term | Definition |
| First person point of view | The impersonation of a fictional narrator or speaker who may be named or unnamed |
| Third person point of view | when the author uses he, she, it, they in their work |
| Dramatic or objective | direct presentation of action and dialogue |
| Omniscient | (all-knowing) when the speaker not only presents action and dialogue, but also is able to report what goes on in the minds of the characters |
| limited omniscient | author confines or limits the narration to the actions and thoughts of a major character |
| setting | descriptions of objects, places, and backgrounds |
| OBJECTS OF HUMAN MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION | to reveal qualities of character, and also to make narratives lifelike |
| CULTURAL CONDITIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS | Just as physical setting influences characters, so do historical and cultural conditions and assumptions |
| realism or verisimilitude | the events of the work become more believable |
| framing or enclosing setting | work begins and ends with descriptions the same scene |
| atmosphere or mood | an enveloping or permeating emotional texture within a work |
| backdrop | relatively unimportant setting |
| integral | when action, characters, or theme are influenced by time and place |