| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Shrine | an area dedicated to the honor of gods and goddesses |
| Fresco | watercolor paintings done on wet plaster |
| Strait | a narrow water passage |
| Polis | a type of city-state • A polis is to a city-state as an apple is to a fruit |
| Acropolis | high city |
| Monarchy | a government in which a king or queen exercises central power |
| Aristocracy | rule by a landholding elite |
| Oligarchy | a government in which power is in the hands of a small, powerful elite, usually from business class |
| Phalanx | a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers |
| Helots | state-owned slaves |
| Democracy | a government by the people |
| Archon | a chief official |
| Tyrants | people who gained power by force |
| Legislature | law making body |
| Alliance | a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense |
| Direct democracy | a large number of citizens take direct part in the day-to-day affairs of government |
| Aegeus | King of Athens; father of Theseus |
| Minos | King of Crete |
| Daedalus | Creator of the Labyrinth |
| Theseus | A hero who slayed the Minotaur |
| Ariadne | A girl who fell in love with Theseus |
| Sir Arthur Evans | found Knossos the capital of Crete |
| Heinrich Schliemann | Discovered troy and facts to support the Trojan War |
| Homer | Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Dorians | took over the Mycenaeans during the dark ages |
| Solon | outlawed debt slavery and was the first one to help Athens go to a Democracy |
| Pisistratus | helped farmers and helped weakened the aritocracy in Athens and was the second person to help achieve democracy |
| Cleisthenes | made a legislature and a council of 500 3rd Athenian to help achieve a democracy |
| Darius I | Persian ruler who wanted revenge on Athens |
| Themistocles | leader of Athens who knew that the Persians would be back after the battle of Monopoly and made a fleet of ships |
| Xerxes | son of Darius I and carried on the war after his father's death. Survives the Persian war |
| Leonidas | Spartan leader who led 300 soldiers to their death at Thermopylae |
| Pheidippides | ran a "marathon" to tell people Greece had one the battle at marathon and then died |
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