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Nucleus The cell's managing structure. Ribosome The organelle that helps manufacture proteins. Endoplasmic Reticulum A membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as the site for protein and lipid synthesis. Golgi Apparatus A flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles. Mitochondria The organelle that converts fuel particles into usable energy. Chloroplast Organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. Lysosome The vesicle containing substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles and food particles. Plasma Membrane The special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell. Cell Wall A thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, giving the cell support and little protection. Vacuole A sac used to store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by a cell. Eukaryotic Cell A cell containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic Cell A cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Cell The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Organelle A specialized structure that carries out specific cell functions. Selective Permeability By which a membrane allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out. Phospholipid Bilayer When two layers of phospholipids are arranged tail-to-tail. Cholesterol Increases the fluidity of the plasma membrane. Transport Protein Proteins that move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane. Fluid Mosaic Model The model of the plasma membrane. Cytoplasm The environment inside the plasma membrane. Cytoskeleton The supporting network of long, thin fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cell. Nucleolus The site of ribosome production inside the nucleus. Centrioles Organelles made of microtubes that function during cell division. Cilia Short, numerous projections that look like hairs. The motion is similar to an oar of a rowboat. Composed of microtubes. Flagella Longer and more numerous than cilia, these move with a whiplike motion. Composed of microtubes. Nucleus Structure: Double membrane. Has nuclear pores. Ribosome Structure: Not membrane-bound. Mado of RNA and protein. Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure: Has smooth and rough sections. All folded up. Golgi Apparatus Structure: A stack of deflated balloons. Mitochondria Structure: Double membrane Chloroplast Structure: Double membrane. Has thylakoids. Lysosome Structure: Phospholipid Bilayer. Hydrolytic Enzymes. Plasma Membrane Structure: Phospholipid Bilayer. Has trandport proteins, carbohydrate and cholesterol. Is polar/non-polar Cell Wall Structure: Made of cellulose. Forms cube around cell. Vacuole Structure: Enclosed compartment. Filled with water. Nucleus Function: Stores DNA Ribosome Function: Makes protein Endoplasmic Reticulum Function: Smooth side mades lipids. Rough side makes proteins. Golgi Apparatus Function: Packages proteins. Mitochondria Function: "Powerhouse" of the cell. Makes energy. Chloroplast Function: Photosynthesis Lysosome Function: Breaks down substances Plasma Membrane Function: Protects cell. Surrounds cell. Maintains efficiency inside cell. Cell Wall Function: Provides support (NO PROTECTION) Vacuole Function: Stores waste. "Makes it crispy." Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus is connected to the... Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes are connected to the... Nucleus The Endoplasmic Reticulum is connected to the... (disclude ribosome) Endoplasmic Reticulum The Golgi Apparatus is connected to the... Nothing What is the mitochondria connected to? Nothing What is chloroplast connected to? Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes are connected to the... Ribosomes The plasma membrane is connected to all organelles except... Outside Where is the Cell Wall compared to the plasma membrane? Nothing What are vacuoles connected to?