Respiratory system
About this set
Created by:
strollope22 on October 30, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
Medical terminology
Classes:
VP Jan 2012 group, Vet Prep fall 2011
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92 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nares | nostrils air enters the body via the nose through two openings |
| cilia | mucous membranes are lined with fine hairs helps filter out foreign bodies |
| Paranasal sinuses | hollow, air-containing spaces within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity make mucous, a lubricating fluid |
| Pharynx | next place air passes after it goes through the nasal passage |
| Epiglottis | flap of cartilage attached to root of the tongue, prevents choking or aspiration of food -acts as a lid over the opening of the larynx |
| Larynx | air passes from phaynx to here onto the trachea |
| Trachea | kept open by cartilaginous rings complete rings and incomplete C-shaped rings |
| Complete rings | birds turtles crocodiles |
| incomplete C-shaped rings | dogs cats horses snakes |
| Bronchi | trachea branches in two Each side leads to a separate lung |
| Bronchioles | bronchi subdivides into smaller and finer tubes, like branches of a tree |
| alveolar ducts | comes off the bronchioles |
| alveoli Alveolus | air sacs lined with a thin wall layer of epithelium to exchange gases |
| Diaphragm | separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity and aids in the process of breathing |
| Inspiration (Inhalation) | diaphragm contracts and descends |
| Expiration (exhalation) | air is expelled out of the lungs |
| Glottis | slit-like opening to the larynx |
| Lobe | division of a lung |
| Mediastinum | region between the lungs in the chest cavity. Contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes |
| Ascultation | listening to sounds within the body |
| Rale (crackle) | fine crackling sound heard on ascultation (during inspiration) when there is fluid in the alveoli |
| Rhonchus (rhonchi) | loud rumbling sound heard on ascultation of bronchi obstructed by mucus |
| Stridor | strained, high pitched relatively loud sound made on inspiration; associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea |
| Wheeze | continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration |
| Epistaxis | Nosebleed greek word meaning a dropping Commonly results from irritation of nasal mucous membranes, trauma, clotting abnormalities or hypertension |
| Asthma | Chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction and increased muscus production associated signs and symptoms are: dyspnea, wheezing and cough. Can involve allergy or infections |
| COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Heaves asthma in horses |
| Bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung |
| Chronic bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi persisting over time |
| Atelectasis | incomplete expansion of alveoli; collapsed, functionless, airless lung or portion of a lung |
| Emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
| Pneumonia | acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction |
| Pulmonary edema | swelling and fluid in the air sacs and brinchioles |
| Pulmonary embolism | Clot (thrombosis) or other material lodges in vessels of the lung |
| Pleural effusion | abdominal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity) |
| Pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural space |
| thoracocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space |
| thoracotomy | major surgical incision of the chest |
| thoracoscopy | visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope |
| tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck |
| tracheotomy | incision into the trachea, usually temporary |
| operculated | covered |
| obligate nose breathers | breath through nose primarily horses, rabbits, camelids |
| Birds | air sacs that expand and contract and flow air over lungs |
| Crocodile | do not have a real diaphragm |
| Turtle | lungs are fixed on dorsal aspect of the shell no true diaphragm breath when legs move |
| Stertor | snoring noise boxer, bulldogs |
| bronchovascular sounds | normal lung sounds |
| adventitial | abnormal lung sound without specificity |
| Mucoid | thick clear mucous |
| mucopurulent | thick yellow/green mucous |
| serous | clear/white thin fluid |
| hemorrhagic | bloody fluid |
| stenotic nares | have stridor, narrow nares typically seen in brachycephalic breeds |
| elongated soft palate | typical problem in brachycephalic syndrome soft palate extends into the larynx |
| everted laryngeal saccules | saccule in larynx |
| Laryngeal hemiplegia | one side of aretnoids paralyzed Roarers, Larpars |
| Rhinitis | upper airway inflammation of nasal passageway |
| Sinusitis | typically found in horses inflammation of the sinuses |
| Empyema | collection of pus in something |
| trephination | bore hole in into sinus and drain |
| Ethmoid hematoma | can happen anywhere bruise on inside of nose that will continually bleed |
| lobectomy | removal of lobe |
| hemilobectomy | remove part of the lung |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | rent (hole) in diaphragm typically traumatic or congenital abdominal contents can enter into the chest cavity |
| alveol/o | alveolus, air sac |
| bronch/o bronchi/o | bronchial tube, bronchus |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole, small bronchus |
| capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| cyan/o | blue |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| lob/o | lobe of the lung |
| nas/o | nose |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| pharyng/o | pharynx, throat |
| phren/o | diaphragm |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pneum/o pneumon/o | air, lung |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| rhin/o | nose |
| sinus/o | sinus, cavity |
| spir/o | breathing |
| tel/o | complete |
| atelectasis | collapsed lung; incomplete expansion (-ectasis) of a lung |
| thorac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea |
| -ema | condition |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| -sphyxia | pulse |
| -thorax | pleural cavity, chest |
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