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First Aid the initial help and care given to a sick or injured person initial assessment the first step in offering first aid. this consistes of evaluating a client's responsiveness through answers to simple questions. This provides information to the status of the clients airway, ability to breath, and circulation status. ABCs a sequence of steps to take when helping a client who is unable to talk and is unresponsive, A= check for an open airway, B= check for breathing, and C= check circulation focused examination an examination that immediately follows the initial assessment made of a sick or injured client, includes checking the client's head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, legs, arms, and portions of the back that are reachable without moving the client abdominal thrust a technique used to help a client who has a foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO). The first aid worker positions himself behind the client and places his fist against the abdomen just above the navel. grab your fist with your other hand and provide quick inward and upward thrusts into the client's abdomen (also called heimlich maneuver) automated external defibrilator (AED) equipment designed to return normal rhythm to the heart bag-valve mask a mask consisting of a self-inflating bag and one-way valve attached to a face mask. Used this device for giving rescue breath. barrier device a facemask applied to a client to reduce the risk of infection being spread to a first-aid giver cardiac arrest sudden stopping of the heart cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) a procedure designed to restore normal breathing after cardiac arrest, includes the clearance of air passages, mouth-to-mouth method of artificial respiration, and heart massage by exerting pressure on the chest chest thrust an alternative to the abdominal thrust technique, used when it is not possible to get ones hands around a clients waist as when a client is obese or pregnant the rescuer stands behind the clients and wraps his arms around the clients chest. one hand is balled into a fist in the center of the chest between the nipples, the other hand is placed on the fist, and then quick inward and upward thrusts are made defibrillator a medical device that delivers an electrical shock to the heart and interrupts chaotic rhythm that occurs with ventricular fibrillation and alloxs the hearts natural rhythm to resume head-tilt chin-lift a technique used to clear the airway. One hand on the client's forehead to tilt the head back and places the fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the chin, lifting the mandible upward and outward ventricular fibrillation an abnormal heart rhythm, the most common cause of cardiac arrest. When this occurs, the heart's rhythm becomes chaotic and the heart does not pump blood. anaphylaxis a type of shock that occurs quickly, even in minutes, with severe life-threatening consequences. caused by exposure to a substance to which the cllient is severly allergic to heart attack a condition that occurs when the heart muscle is deprived of its supply of oxygen-rich blood and nutrients hypothermia a condition which occurs when the body loses more heat than it can produceand the temperature drops below 95F heat cramps painful spasms of the back of the leg muscles or abdomen muscles heat exhaustion a condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat, (the body looses fluids, high temperatures, and a lack of physical conditioning) heat stroke a serious condition that occurs when the body's inner temperature rises so fast that the body cannot cool itself hyperglycemia a condition caused by an increase in blood sugar level in a diabetic client, it is characterized by symptoms such as extreme thirst, excessive hunger, blurred vision, heavy breathing, and unconsciousness hypoglycemia a condition caused by a drop in blood sugar level in a diabetic client, it is characterized by symptoms such as dizziness, sweating, confusion, staggering or poor coordination, and unconsciousness shock a condition that occurs when too little oxygen and nutrients reach the body's cells, tissues, and organs stroke a condition caused by the blocking of an artery that supplies blood or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds into the brain