Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
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Created by:
nicolegrace734 on October 30, 2011
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Mrs. Erwin
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52 terms
English | Chemistry |
|---|---|
 What does ATP stand for? | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| What are the three parts of ATP | Nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate group |
| AMP- how many phosphate groups? | 1 |
| ADP- how many phosphate groups? | 2 |
| ATP- how many phosphate groups? | 3 |
| Where is the most energy stored in ATP? | third phosphate bond |
| How does ATP release energy? | Releases the third phosphate group |
| Why isn't ATP good for long term energy storage? | Too reactive |
| What's the formula for cellular respiration in words? | Glucose+oxygen→Carbon dioxide+water+energy (+heat) |
| What's the formula for cellular respiration in symbols? | C₆H₁₂O₂+6O₂→6CO₂+6H₂0+ATP(+heat) |
| What are the reactants in the formula for cellular respiration? | Glucose and oxygen |
| What are the products in the formula for cellular respiration? | Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP |
| What are the parts of a hydrogen atom? | Proton and electron |
| Why are hydrogen atoms moved around the body? | To move the electrons for energy |
| Name the two electron carriers in cellular respiration | NAD and FAD |
| What's the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? | aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic doesn't |
| Name the four steps of cellular respiration in order | Glycolysis, Pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation |
| What are the two parts of Oxidative Phosphorylation? | Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
| What step of cellular respiration doesn't require oxygen? | Glycolysis |
| Where does glycolysis occur? | Cytosol in the cytoplasm |
| Where do Pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, and Oxidative phosphorylation occur? | in the mitochondria |
| What happens to the glucose during glycolysis? | Split into pyruvate which has 2 groups of 3 carbons |
| How many ATP must be used to start glycolysis? | 2 |
| How many total ATP are made during glycolysis? | 4 |
| What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis? | 2 |
| Name all the products of glycolysis | 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 2 H₂O |
| What process occurs after glycolysis if no oxygen is present? | Fermentation |
| Name the two types of fermentation | Lactic Acid Fermentation, and Alcohol Fermentation |
| What is the purpose of fermentation? | Recycle NAD |
| What types of organisms undergo alcohol fermentation? | Bacteria and yeast |
| What are the products of alcohol fermentation? | Ethanol and carbon dioxide |
| What type of food and drink is formed from alcohol fermentation? | Beer, wine, and bread |
| What types of organisms undergo lactic acid fermentation? | Animals and some fungi |
| What are the products of lactic acid fermentation? | Lactic acid |
| What type of food is made from lactic acid fermentation? | Cheese |
| List the products of pyruvate oxidation | 2 Acetyl CoA, 2 CO₂, and 2 NADH |
| What is another name for the Krebs cycle? | Citric Acid Cycle |
| List the products of the Krebs cycle | 4 CO₂, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH₂ |
| List the amounts of NADH and FADH₂ produced in the first 3 stages | Glycolysis- 2 NADH, Pyruvate oxidation- 2 NADH, Krebs cycle- 6 NADH and 2 FADH₂ |
| Give the total amount of NADH and FADH₂ produced in the first 3 stages | 10 NADH and 2 FADH₂ |
| List the amount of ATP produced in each of the first 3 stages | Glycolysis- 2ATP, Pyruvate oxidation- 0, Krebs Cycle- 2 ATP |
| Give the (net) total amount of ATP produced in the first 3 stages | 4 ATP |
| Where is the location of the electron transport chain? | inner membrane of mitochondria |
| Describe what happens with NADH and FADH₂ when it reaches the ETC | Drop the hydrogen atom which separates into a proton and electron. NAD and FAD return to glycolysis |
| What is the final electron carrier in the electron transport chain/ | Oxygen |
| What is formed when the electron, oxygen, and some hydrogen atoms combine in the mitochondrial matrix? | Water |
| What is chemiosmosis? | The diffusion of ions through a protein |
| How is ATP produced during chemiosmosis? | Hydrogen ions turn the gears of the ATP synthase as they flow through, which generates ATP |
| What is the name of the protein through which hydrogen ions flow and ATP is made? | ATP Synthase |
| Approximately how many ATP are formed during Oxidative Phosphorylation? | 28 |
| Approximately how many total ATP are formed from one molecule of glucose? | 32 |
| What is a heterotroph? | An organism that gets its energy from eating others |
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