| Term | Definition |
|---|
| 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery |
| Abolish | To get rid of |
| 14th Amendment | All people born in the US are citizens with equal rights |
| 15th Amendment | Right to vote for all male citizens |
| Abraham Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan | 13th Amendment, South never really left the union, forgiveness |
| Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction Plan | Similar to Lincoln's plan offering forgiveness but also gave amnesty to Confederate Leaders |
| Reconstruction | Historical period marked by military occupation, Constitutional changes and Presidential Impeachment |
| Radical Republicans | Congressmen who wanted full equality for freedmen and disagreed with President Johnson's Plan |
| Poll tax, Literacy Test, Grandfather Clause | Voting barriers for African Americans, limited the effectiveness of the 15th Amendment |
| Jim Crow Laws | Created segregation in the South |
| Reconstruction Amendments | Attempted to provide political and legal rights for Freedmen and created a Consitutional basis for the Civil Rights Movement |
| Sharecropping | A form of Agricuture that limited the freedom of African Americans by keeping them on the plantation and dependent on their former masters |
| End of Reconstruction | Due to the Election of Rutherford B Hayes in 1877 the Federal troops were removed from the south |
| Black Codes | Regulations that limited the freedom of African Americans |
| Freedmen | Formerly enslaved persons (African Americans) after the Civil War |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | provided for legal segration based on race if "seperate but equal" facilities were available |
| Booker T Washington | African American leader who advocated vocational training as way of economic opportunity and gradual equality for African Americans |
| W.E.B. DuBois | African Americans should achieve immediate equality by obtaining college education and challenging segregation in court |
| NAACP | Orgainzation created by WEB DuBois to provide lawyers for African Americans whose civil rights were violated |
| Tuskegee Institute | Vocation training school created by Booker T Washington in order to improve the economic standing of African Americans |
| Great Migration | Period from 1900-1930 where African Americans left sharecropping in the south to obtain factory jobs in nothern urban areas |
| Little Rock 9 | 1st group of black students who were able to attend an all white school because President Eisenhower used the military to enforce the Brown v. Board of Education decision |
| Desegration of Armed Forces | Executive order by President Harry Truman to integrate the Armed Forces after WWII |
| Montogomery Bus Boycott | Official beginning of the Civil Rights movement, Martin Luther King Jr. becomes a national celebrity |
| Civil Disobedience | Based on writings of Saint Augustine and actions of Gandhi, citizens used non-violence to peacfully break unjust laws |
| Sit Ins | An example of civil disobedience used to force the desegrgation of lunch counters |
| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | reversed the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) decison, declaring that "seperate but equal is inherently unequal" and legally ended segregation |
| Civil Rights Act (1964) | Passed after Martin Luther King's March on Washington it made it a crime to discriminate based on race or gender |
| Voting Rights Act (1965) | Made it a crime to create barriers or restrictions to voting |
| Freedom Rides and Selma Montgomery March | Peaceful actions used to end barriers of African American voting rights |
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