Intro to Basic Counseling Interventions
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angbatiato on October 30, 2011
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Counseling definition | A brief intervention which focuses on assets and strengths. Can be used for grief, divorce, substance abuse, developmental and transitional issues, multicultural and social justice issues, prevention, career and vocational issues |
| Qualities of an Effective Counselor | -Active listening -Awareness of non-verbals -Culturally competent -Empathic understanding -Open-minded -Objective -Psychologically healthy -Self-awareness |
| Challenges for a Counselor-in-Training | -Talking too much -Wanting to Help too much -Self-disclosing too much -Being a Buddy -Discomfort with silence -Minimizing client's feelings |
| Definition of Helping | Special relationship between someone who needs help and someone who has been trained to provide assistance |
| Hill's Definition of Helping | One person assisting another in exploring feelings, gaining insight, and making positive changes in their lives |
| Definition of Helping Skills | Verbal and non-verbal communication that aids helpers in providing assistance to others |
| Counseling Characteristics | -Helper and Client work together -Helper facilitates but doesn't make changes and decisions for the client -Client decides when and how to change |
| Misconceptions of Counseling | -giving advice -fixing problems -being the expert |
| Goals of Counseling | -Help client clarify feelings -Help person see from a different perspective -Relieve emotional pain or stress (Calling for an appt reduces pain by 20%) -Support -Help person move toward change |
| Eyesenck | -Eyesenck (1952) meta-analysis showing counseling is ineffective, though study highly criticized |
| Phase Model | -1996 -Remoralization phase - instillation of hope (sessions 1-3) -Remediation phase - reduction in symptoms -Rehabilitation phase - new coping skills are developed (most don't continue past phase 2) |
| Smith, Glass & Miller | (1980) replicated study, improving methodology, proving that people who seek counseling are 80% better off. |
| Howard et al | (1986) showed 50% improved before session, 75% after 8 sessions, 85% after 26 sessions |
| Wampold | (2001) showed that no type of therapy is better than another. Debate was created comparing the common characteristics of counseling psychology to the specific ingredients of clinical psychology |
| Working Alliance | -Bordin (1979) said there were three parts -Goal - changes the client needs to make -Task - what will take place during the process -Bond - connection between counselor and client |
| Stages of Change | -Prochaska, Norcross, DiClemente -Precontemplation - unaware of need to change or no desire for change -Contemplation - thinking about changing but no action -Preparation - committed to changing and prepping self for change process -Action - Begin to modify behaviors and surroundings -Maintenance - change has been made and avoidance of relapses |
| Hill's 3 Stage Model | -Exploration - help client to explore thoughts, feelings, behaviors (Rogerian) -Insight - Help clients understand thoughts, feelings, behaviors (psychoanalytic) -Action - Help clients decide what changes to make on the basis of their new insight (CBT) |
| Counselor's Role | -Act as collaborator and facilitator -No special knowledge on the client's life -Contribute empathy and specific helping skills -Guide clients through the 3 stage model |
| Counselor's Goals during Exploration | -establish rapport -encourage clients to tell their story -encourage clients to explore thoughts/feelings -facilitate emotional expression -learn about the client from the client's POV |
| Skills in the Exploration Stage | -attending -restatement -reflection -open-ended questions |
| Counselor's Goals during Insight | -collaborate with clients to achieve new insight -help clients attain new awareness of their role in perpetuating problems -address issues/dynamics within the therapeutic relationship |
| Insight Stage Skills | -challenge -interpretation -self disclosure -immediacy |
| Counselor's Goals during Action | -Guide clients in making decisions and changes the reflect new self-understandings |
| Action Stage Skills | -information -direct guidance through CBT interventions, homework & experiential activities |
| What Influences the Helping Process | -having awareness of the process -context variables -moment-by-moment interactions -external world *Can be uncomfortable for beginning counselors |
| Intentions for using Interventions | -intentions are covert and not always understood by client -intention guides choice of intervention -single intervention can have multiple intentions |
| Client's Reaction | -If the counselor is successful, the client reaction will match the helper's intention. |
| Becoming Aware of Client's Reaction | -Non-verbals -Clients may agree because they are agreeable or don't understand the purpose -Counselor's perceptions can be distorted through countertransference |
| Helper Reevaluation | -Keep assessing and reassessing intentions and client's response -Must be open, self aware, and evaluative of your own intentions and client response |
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