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The entire elbow includes _ bones, _ ligaments, _ joints, and _ capsule. 3 bones, 3 ligaments, 2 joints, one capsule Name the three bones of the elbow. Humerus, Ulna, and Radius Definition of Elbow Joint The articulation of the humerus with the ulna and radius. Trochlea articulates with _, and the Capitulum articulates with the _. trochlear notch of the ulna, head of the radius Definition of Radioulnar Joint The articulation between the radius and ulna. Definition of Carrying Angle In the anatomical position, the longitudinal axes of the humerus and forearm form an angle. Carrying angles in males is _, and in females is _. 5 degrees in males, between 10 and 15 degrees in females. Infraglenoid Tubercle The raised portion of the inferior lip of the glenoid fossa that provides attachment of the long head of the triceps muscle. Supraglenoid Tubercle Raised portion on the superior lip of the glenoid fossa that provides attachment for the long head of the biceps muscle. Coracoid Process Projection on the anterior surface of the scapula that provides attachment for the short head of the biceps muscle. Trochlea Located on the medial side of the distal end; articulates with the ulna Capitulum On the lateral side next to the trochlea; articulates with the head of radius Medial Epicondyle Located on the medial side of the distal end above the trochlea; larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle; provides attachment for the pronator teres muscle. Lateral Epicondyle Located on the lateral side of the distal end above the capitulum; provides attachment for the anconeus and supinator muscles. Lateral Supracondylar Ridge Located above the lateral epicondyle; provides attachment for the brachioradialis muscle Olecranon Fossa Located on the posterior surface between the medial and lateral epicondyles; articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna Definition of Ulna The medial bone of the forearm lying parallel to the radius. Olecranon Process Located at the proximal end of the ulna, on the posterior surface; forms the prominent point of the elbow and provides attachment for the triceps muscle Trochlear Notch AKA semilunar notch; articulates with the trochlea of the humerus; makes up the anterior surface at the proximal end Coronoid Process Located just below the trochlear notch; with the ulnar tuberosity, provides attachment for the brachialis muscle Radial Notch Located at the proximal end on the lateral side just distal to the trochlear notch; articulation point for the head of the radius Ulnar Tuberosity Located below the coronoid process; provides an attachment for the brachialis muscle Styloid Process of the Ulna At the distal end on the posterior medial surface Head of the Ulna At the distal end on the lateral surface; the ulnar notch of the radius pivots around it during pronation and supination Head of Radius Proximal end; has cylinder shape with a depression in the superior surface where it articulates with the capitulum of the humerus Radial Tuberosity Located on the medial side near the proximal end; provides attachment for the biceps muscle Styloid Process of the Radius Located on the posterior lateral side of the radius at the distal end; provides attachment to the brachioradialis muscle Medial Collateral Ligament Triangular, spans the medial side of the elbow; attaches on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and runs obliquely to the medial sides of the coronoid process and olecranon process of the ulna Lateral Collateral Ligament Triangular, attaches proximally on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and distally on the annular ligaments and the lateral side of the ulna Annular Ligament Attaches anteriorly and posteriorly to the radial notch of the ulna, encompassing the head of the radius and holding it against the ulna Joint Capsule of the Elbow Attaches around the distal end of the humerus and encompasses the trochlea and capitulum, and the fossas located above them; the capsule is strengthened anteriorly and somewhat posteriorly by the annular ligament. The collateral ligaments reinforce the capsule on the sides of the joint. Interosseous Membrane Broad, flat membrane is located between the radius and the ulna for most of their length; keeps the two bones from separating and provides more surface area for attachment of the forearm and wrist muscles Humeroulnar Joint articulation between trochlea and trochlear notch; anterior curve of distal humerus facilitates flexion but limits extension Proximal Radialulnar Joint At the proximal end the head of the radius pivots within the radial notch of the ulna Distal Radioulnar Joint Due to the shape of the radius, the distal end of the radius rotates around the distal end of the ulna Brachialis: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve O- distal half of humerus, anterior surface I- coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity of the ulna A- elbow flexion N- musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) Note: lies deep to the biceps muscle Biceps Brachii: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve O- Long Head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Short Head: coracoid process of the scapula I- radial tuberosity of radius A- elbow flexion and forearm supination N- musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) Brachioradialis Muscle: Origin, Insertion, Action, and Nerve O- lateral supracondylar ridge on the humerus I- styloid process of the radius A- elbow flexion N- radial nerve (C5, C6) Pronator Teres Muscle: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve O- medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna I- lateral aspect of radius at its midpoint A- forearm pronation, assistive in elbow flexion N- median nerve (C6, C7) Note: Covered by the brachioradialis muscle at its distal attachment, crosses elbow anteriorly, has the ability to flex the elbow Triceps Muscle: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve O- Long Head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, Lateral Head: inferior to greater tubercle on posterior humerus, Medial Head: posterior surface of humerus I- olecranon process of the ulna A- elbow extension N- radial nerve (C7, C8) Note: medial head lies deep to the long and lateral head Anconeus Muscle: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve O- lateral epicondyle of humerus I- lateral and inferior to olecranon process of ulna A- assists in elbow extension; not a prime mover in any joint action N- radial nerve (C7, C8) Note: keeps annular ligament from being pinched in the olecranon fossa during elbow extension Pronator Quadratus Muscle: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve O- distal one-fourth of ulna I- distal one-fourth of radius A- forearm pronation N- median nerve (C8, T1) Supinator Muscle: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve O-lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna I- anterior surface of the proximal radius A- forearm supination N- radial nerve (C6) Name muscles for Elbow Flexion Biceps, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator Teres Name muscles for Elbow Extension Triceps, Anconeus Name muscles for Forearm Pronation Pronator teres, pronator quadratus Name muscles for Forearm Supination Biceps, Supinator Brachialis _ Nerve Musculocutaneous (C5, C6) Biceps _ Nerve Musculocutaneous (C5, C6) Brachioradialis _ Nerve Radial (C5, C6) Triceps _ Nerve Radial (C6, C7) Anconeus _ Nerve Radial (C7, C8) Pronator Teres _ Nerve Median (C6, C7) Pronator Quadratus _ Nerve Median (C8, T1) Supinator _ Nerve Radial (C6)