5 Written Questions

1. no
2. i-NANC
3. Pterygoid plexus
4. 1. OMT decreases mortality and morbidity
   2. OMT increases peak expiratory flow rate
5. T1-3
   OA -C3
   Sphenopalatine fossa

5 Matching Questions

1. What is the pathway of parasympathetic innervation to nasal cavity/sinuses? Start from the nucleus in the CNS. Include spinal levels if applicable and where the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers/cell bodies are.
2. Describe the lymph flow of the lungs from the subpleura to the subclavian vein (hint: SLP -> ILV -> Follows B, A and V -> B (H) N -> IT (C) N -> STN -> BLT -> SV
3. What did Washington find out about chapman's points and the lung?
4. Nitric oxide mediates what NANC?
5. What is the pathway of sympathetic innervation to nasal cavity/sinuses? Start from where the fibers exit the CNS. Include spinal levels if applicable and where the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers/cell bodies are.

1. a i-NANC (inhibitory Non-Adrenergi non-cholinergic innervation)
2. b Parasympathetics (preganglionic) arise from the superior salivatory nucleus and join the facial nerve (CN VII). as they pass throught the geniculate ganglion they jump onto the greater petrosal nerve, then the nerve of pterygoid canal where they synaps in the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion. From there, parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibers spread out to the nasal cavity/sinuses.
3. c Subpleural Lymphatic Plexus  Interlobular Lymph Vessels  Follows Bronchi, Arteries and Veins  Bronchopulmonary (Hilar) Nodes  Inferior Tracheobronchial (Carinal) Nodes  Superior Tracheobronchial Nodes Bronchomediastinal Lymph Trunk  Subclavian Vein
4. d Yup, Pts with pneumonia have predictable chapman's pts related to the lung
5. e T1-3 preganglionic to sympathetic trunk, where they travel up to the superior cervical ganglion, where the synapse, then tavel up the carotid plexus (now post ganglionic) to the Sphenopalatine nerves then out to the sinuses and nasal cavity

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. increased mucus production, plasma extravasation, and stimulates inflammatory and immune cells via NK1 receptor interaction
   1. What is the sympathetic innervation of the lung
   2. What effect does NKA (Neurokinin-A) have via the receptor NK1?
   3. What effect does NKA (Neurokinin-A) have via the receptor NK2?
   4. What effect would balloon kyphoplasty have on pain, FVC, and MVV?
2. Substance-P and NKA (Neurokinin-A
   1. What cells produce tachykinins?
   2. Nitric oxide mediates what NANC?
   3. What are the primary e-NANC tachykinins?
   4. What does NANC stand for?
3. Tachykinins are produced by inflammatory cells such as alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils
   1. What cells produce tachykinins?
   2. What are the primary e-NANC tachykinins?
   3. Whick NANC causes bronchdialation?
   4. What does NANC stand for?
4. Dysfunctional M2 receptors
   1. What receptor in the lung can be induced by allergens, viral infections, ozone, eosinophil products and cytokines
   2. What is the sympathetic innervation of the lung
   3. What effect does NKA (Neurokinin-A) have via the receptor NK2?
   4. What effect does NKA (Neurokinin-A) have via the receptor NK1?
5. Decreased:
   1. FEV (Forced expiratory flow)
   2. VC (Vital Capacity)
   3. ERV (Expiratory reserve vol)
   4. Airway resistance
   
   Increased:
   1. TLC (Total Lung Capacity)
   2. RV (Residual vol)
   3. Subjectively improved breathing
   1. According to Noll What 4 things were decreased by OMT?
      What 3 things where increased?
   2. Where would TART changes be expected in association with the nasal cavity and sinuses?
   3. According to Noll OMT made what worse 30 min post Tx?
   4. Is there a defect in the i-NANC system with moderated or severe asthma?

5 True/False Questions

1. VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) mediates what NANC? → T2-6

   True        False

2. Where would you expect to see tart changes if you had dysfunction in the lungs? → T1-6
   OA-C3

   True        False

3. What effect would balloon kyphoplasty have on pain, FVC, and MVV? → Reduce pain
   Increase FVC MVV

   True        False

4. According to Noll OMT made what worse 30 min post Tx? → i-NANC (inhibitory Non-Adrenergi non-cholinergic innervation)

   True        False

5. What kind of NANC are mediated by sensory neuropeptides from non-myelinated c-fibers that releaseTachykinins? → 1. OMT decreases mortality and morbidity
   2. OMT increases peak expiratory flow rate

   True        False