Linguistics Chapter 6
About this set
Created by:
perdueaime on October 31, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
Semantics and Pragmatics
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 semantics | The study of the meaning of linguistics expressions, such as morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. |
| pragmatics | The study of the effect of context on meaning. |
| lexical semantics | The branch of semantics that deals with the meaning of words. |
| structural semantics | The branch of semantics that deals with the meaning of utterances larger than words. |
| referent | The actual concrete item or concept to which the word refers. |
| referential meaning | The meaning of an utterance that describes the referent, an action, or a state of being. |
| sense | The extended meaning of a word or phrase that, in context, clarifies the referent. |
| shifting referents | Referents that are different for each speaker and each sentence. (Pronouns have shifting referents.) |
| semantic properties | The elements of meaning that make up the lexical entry of the word in the speaker's mind. |
| semantic domain | A set of words that share semantic properties. |
| distinctive feature analysis | The process of analyzing the semantic properties of a word. |
| markedness | As it relates to semantics means the concept that some words or morphemes are more common or usual than others. |
| hyponyms | More specific words that constitute a subclass of a more general word. |
| synonyms | Words that have similar meanings and share the same semantic properties. |
| denotation | The referential meaning of a word or morpheme, often the first meaning listed in a dictionary. |
| connotation | An affective meaning for a word or morpheme. |
| homonyms | Words that sound the same but have different meanings. |
| polysemous | Words that have more than one meaning. |
| antonyms | Words that are opposite in one of their semantic properties. |
| complementary pairs | Antonyms that negate each other. |
| gradable pair | Antonyms that are part of a larger set of related words and express the concept that one of them is more, whereas the other is less. |
| relational opposites | Antonyms that express a symmetrical relationship between two words. |
| structural semantics | The study of how the structure of sentences contributes to meaning. |
| contradictions | Utterances in which the semantic properties of one word unexpectedly do not match with those of another. |
| oxymorons | Phrases that combine contradictory words. |
| anomalous utterances | Utterances that include words in which the semantic properties don't match. |
| metaphors | Anomalous utterances in which two dissimilar items are symbolically considered to be similar. |
| idioms | Utterances in which there is a contradiction between the meaning of the parts of the utterance and the entire utterance. |
| pragmatics | The study of the effect of context on meaning. |
| social meaning | The information in an utterance about the social identity of the speaker. |
| affective meaning | The meaning of an utterance that conveys the emotions of the speaker. |
| speech acts | Actions performed by an utterance, such as daring, questioning, or betting. |
| performative sentences | The utterances that perform speech acts. |
| discourse analysis | The process of discovering the rules of discourse. |
| discourse | A series of connected utterances, such as a conversation, story, lecture, or any other communication event. |
| new information | Information that the speaker believes is being introduced to the listener for the first time. |
| old (given) information | Information that the speaker has previously introduced or believes the listener knows. |
| deixis | Refers to words that shift reference, that change meaning according to the context and/or the speaker. |
| presupposition | The set of assumptions that the speaker makes about the listener's knowledge or circumstances. These assumptions are necessary in order to make an utterance meaningful. |
| greeting rituals | A special kind of discourse that are not at all important for the information they convey, but are important for their social function. |
| maxims of conversation | The cultural expectations that guide people when they are conversing. |
| cooperative principle | The basis for the maxims of conversation, and assumes that each person is trying in good faith to communicate and understand. |
| Maxim of Quantity | Say neither more nor less than is required. |
| Maxim of Quality | Say only what you believe to be the truth. |
| Maxim of Relevance | Say only what is appropriate for the topic. |
| Maxim of Manner | Be brief, concise, and clear. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.