anatomy: heart

Terms	Definitions
apex
anterior posterior=base diaphragmatic surface	surfaces of heart
mediastinum	where the heart lies
suspends the heart; a double-layered sac of tough, fibrous connective tissue and mesothelium	pericardium
endocardium myocardium epicardium	layers of heart wall
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
auricles	black arrows
coronary sulcus	blue/purple arrows
anterior interventricular sulcus	teal/green arrow
posterior interventricular sulcus	light green arrow
ascending aorta: oxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
aortic arch: oxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
brachiocephalic artery: oxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
left common carotid artery: oxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
common carotid artery: oxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
left subclavian artery: oxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
ligamentum arteriosum
superior vena cava: deoxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
inferior vena cava: deoxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary artery: deoxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary veins: oxygenated	carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
remnant of the ductus arteriosus, which shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to distal aortic arch in fetus	ligamentum arteriosum
ductus arteriosus function in fetus	allows blood to bypass fetus's fluid-filled lungs
coronary sinus
superior vena cava opening
inferior vena cava opening
pectinate muscles
features of right atrium	features (which chamber?): superior vena cava opening inferior vena cava opening coronary sinus opening pectinate muscle
features of left atrium	features (which chamber?): pulmonary vein opening pectinate muscles
features of right ventricle	features (which chamber?) trabeculae carneae papillary muscles chordae tendinae tricuspid valve pulmonary semilunar valve interventricular septum
features of left ventricle	features (which chamber?): trabeculae carneae papillary muscles chordae tendinae bicuspid valve aortic semilunar valve
feature of interatrial septum	fossa ovalis
fossa ovalis
papillary muscles	usually pink not white
trabeculae carneae	red arrows
chordae tendineae	red arrows
bicuspid valve
tricuspid valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve
interventricular septum	red arrows
function of fossa ovalis	prevents blood from flowing through interatrial septum, preventing deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from mixing
function of foramen ovale in fetal circulation	shunts highly oxygenated blood from right atrium to left atrium
closure of foramen ovale in heart	baby takes its first breath so lungs now oxygenate the blood; blood is no longer oxygenated at the placenta
SVC/IVC from body-->right atrium--> tricuspid valve-->right ventricle--> pulmonary semilunar valve-->pulmonary trunk-->pulmonary arteries-->lungs--> pulmonary veins-->heart-->left atrium-->bicuspid valve-->left ventricle-->aortic semilunar valve-->aorta-->body(systemic circuit)	SVC/IVC from body-->right atrium--> tricuspid valve-->right ventricle--> pulmonary semilunar valve-->pulmonary trunk-->pulmonary arteries-->lungs--> pulmonary veins-->heart-->left atrium-->bicuspid valve-->left ventricle-->aortic semilunar valve-->aorta-->body(systemic circuit)blood circulation(start with deoxygenated blood entering heart)
left atrium and left ventricle	bicuspid valve lies between...
right atrium and right ventricle	tricuspid valve lies between...
pull valves to keep them close, preventing both backflow of blood and the prolapse of valves in the heart	function of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
blood pushes the cusps of the valves closed; the cusps open in the direction of blood flow so if blood moves the opposite way, the valves will close	closure of semilunar valves is due to..
coronary arteries	supply blood to the heart muscle itself
cardiac veins	carry deoxygenated blood from the heart; drain into coronary sinus then into right atrium
coronary sulcus holds...	coronary sinus
anterior interventricular groove holds...	right and left coronary arteries
posterior interventricular groove holds...	right coronary artery
SA node-->internodal fibers-->AV node -->AV bundle--> bundle branches--> purkinje fibers	conduction system of the heart
where the heart contracts first	apex
where depolarization happens first	SA node
purpose of slight delay in conduction at the AV node	allow ventricles to fill before contraction
positioning of purkinje fibers	travel down interventricular septum then turn superiorly to allow ventricles to start to contract at apex, ejecting blood up and out of the heart
conduction	are purkinje cells specialized more for conduction or contraction?
hormones(epinephrine), neural (ANS: parasympathetic via vagus nerve and sympathetic via cardiac nerves)	what controls heart rate?
SA node
internodal fibers
AV bundle
bundle branches
AV node
purkinje fibers
SA and AV nodes	Vagus nerve innervation in the heart
tunica intima-->tunica media--> tunica adventitia	layers of blood vessels (deep to superficial)
heart-->arteries-->arterioles--> capillaries-->venules-->veins-->heart	peripheral circulation closed double loop system
arterioles	control of regional blood flow and peripheral resistance
arteries	function in high pressure system
elastic muscular arterioles	3 types of arteries(from biggest to smallest)
broad and very elastic tunica media, tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum	elastic artery features
small blood vessels that supply the outer wall of the artery with blood; located in tunica adventitia of elastic arteries	vasa vasorum
vasa vasorum of elastic artery
tunica media of elastic artery	red arrow
tunica adventitia of elastic artery	red arrow
tunica intima of elastic artery	red arrow
elastin	red arrows
vasa vasorum of elastic artery	red circles
tunica intima of elastic artery	upper circle w/arrow
tunica media of elastic artery	big circle
tunica adventitia of elastic artery	big circle
tunica media extremely broad and surrounded by internal and external elastic lamina; tunica adventitia is very thin (not really visible in histo)	features of muscular arteries
tunica adventitia of muscular artery	red circle
tunica media of muscular artery	red circle: also notice elastic lamina surrounding the layer
muscular artery	what is this a slide of?
muscular artery	what is this a slide of?
veins	act as reservoirs of blood
large lumen; tunica adventitia is thicker than tunica media	features of veins
tunica media is very thin	features of arterioles
exchange of metabolites, gases, nutrients; control local blood flow	function of capillaries
artery	red arrow: artery or vein?
vein	red arrow: artery or vein?
brachiocephalic veins
subclavian artery	red circle
radial artery	red circle
ulnar artery	red circle
axillary artery	red circle
brachial artery	red circle
descending thoracic aorta
descending abdominal aorta
bronchial arteries
1. internal carotid 2. common carotid 3. vertebral 4. left subclavian 6.brachial 8.celiac trunk 9.left renal 10.ulnar 11.radial 12.superior mesenteric 13.inferior mesenteric 15.femoral 17.popliteal 20.anterior tibial 21.peroneal/fibular 22.posterior tibial 24.plantar 25.internal iliac 26.external iliac 27.common iliac 28.right renal 29.descending aorta 30. ascending aorta 31.right subclavian 32.brachiocephalic	arteries: label #'s 1-4,6,8-13,15,17,20-22,24-32
1.celiac trunk 2.left gastric 4.splenic 8.gastroduodenal 12.right hepatic 14.left hepatic	arteries: label #'s 1,2,4,8,12,14
hepatic portal vein superior mesenteric vein inferior mesenteric vein splenic vein gastric vein	veins of hepatic portal system
1. inferior vena cava 2/3.gastrics 4.splenic 7. inferior mesenteric vein 14. superior mesenteric 16.hepatic portal vein 17/18. hepatics	veins: label #'s 1-4,7,14,16-18
allows another way for blood to reach the right atrium in case one of the vena cava is blocked; it runs along thoracic vertebrae	function of azygos vein
external jugular vein