Chapter 10 Muscle System
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Created by:
dcranklongo on October 31, 2011
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Anatomy
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82 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Origin | What is.. the relatively stationary attachment? |
| Belly | What is.. the fleshy midregion? |
| Insertion | What is.. the relatively mobile attachment? |
| Fascicle Arrangements | What.. partly determines strength and direction of the pull? |
| Fusiform | parellel fascicles. thick in middle. tapered at ends |
| Parellel | parellel fascicles, uniform width |
| Convergent | fan shaped. broad at origin, narrow at insertion |
| Pennate | feather shaped. insert on tendon that runs the length of the muscle. Uni,bi, mulit |
| Circular Muscles ( Sphincters) | ring arrangement around body openings |
| Agonist | muscle that produces the most force |
| Synergist | muscle that assists the prime mover |
| Antagonist | muscle that opposes movement of the prime mover |
| Fixator | hold a bone in place to prevent its movement; reduces undesired movement |
| Frontalis/Epicranius | elevates eyebrows and forehead |
| Frontalis/Epicranius Origin/Insertion | O = galea aponeurotica (broad aponeurosis over cranium) I = subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | sphincter closes eye O = lacrimal bone, adjacent regions of frontal bone, maxilla I = tissue of eyelids |
| Temporalis | elevation, retraction, lateral & medial excursion of mandible O = temporal bone I = coronoid process and anterior mandibular ramus |
| Masseter | elevation of mandible (close jaw); other jaw movements O = zygomatic arch I = lateral mandibular ramus and angle |
| Medial Pterygoid | elevation, protraction, lateral & medial excursion of mandible O = sphenoid bone and maxilla I = medial surface of mandible |
| Lateral Pterygoid | depression, protraction, lateral & medial excursion mandible O = sphenoid bone I = neck of mandible; articular disc of temporomandibular joint |
| Sternocleidomastiod | (both) pull head down; (single) pulls head down and rotates to opposite side O = sternum, clavicle I = mastoid process |
| Scalenes | grp of 3 muscles. flex head to ipselateral shoulder; rotate head toward contralateral shoulder; elevates ribs 1-2 O = vertebrae C1-C7 I = ribs 1 and 2 |
| Trapezius | extends & rotates head; stabilizes scapula; elevates shoulder O = occipital bone, C7, all thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) I = scapula and clavicle |
| Suprahyoid group | 4 muscles superior to hyoid bone (elevate hyoid) |
| Infrahyoid group | 3 muscles inferior to hyoid bone (depress hyoid) O = various/multiple I = hyoid |
| Diaphram | prime muscle for inspiration; dome-shaped muscle contracts and flattens to expand thoracic cavity while compressing abdom. cavity O = xiphoid process, ribs 7-12, lumbar vertebrae I = central tendon of diaphram |
| External Intercostals | lifts and expands ribcage; aids inspiration O = inferior margins of ribs 1-11 I = superior margin of next lower rib |
| Internal Intercostals | depresses and contracts ribcage; forces expiration O = superior margins of ribs 2-12 I = inferior margin of next higher rib |
| External Abdominal Oblique | supports abdominal organs; maintains posture; rotation of trunk at waist O = ribs 5-12 I = anterior iliac crest; pubic symphysis; superior of pubis |
| Internal Abdominal Oblique | same as external, but rotation is ipselateral O = inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbar fascia I = ribs 10-12; costal cartilages 7-10 |
| Rectus Abdominis | ("six-pack") flexes lumbar region; pulls thorax toward hips O = pubic symphysis; superior margin of pubis I = xiphoid process; costal cartilages 5-7 |
| Transverse Abdominis | compresses abdominal contents O = inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12 I = linea alba; pubis; aponeurosis of internal oblique |
| Erector Spinae | extends & side bends & rotates spine O = iliac crest; thoracic & lumbar vertebrae; thoracolumbar fascia; ribs 3-12 I = mastoid process; cervical & thoracic vertebrae; all ribs |
| Semispinalis Thoracis | extension & contralateral rotation of spine O = vertebrae T6-T10 I = vertebrae C6-T4 |
| Pelvic Disphragm | 1) Levator 2) Coccygeus |
| Pectoralis Minor | draws scapula laterall and fwd around chest; depresses shoulder O = ribs 3-5 I = coracoid process (scapula) |
| Serratus Anterior | w/ pec. minor draws scapula laterally + fwd around chest O = almost all ribs I = medial border of scapula |
| Trapezius | stabilizes, rotates, retracts scapula; elevates + depresses shoulder apex O = occipital bone I = scapula and clavicle |
| Levator Scapulae | elevates scapula; fixes neck laterally; rotates scapula O=vertebrae C1-C4 I=medial border of scapula |
| Rhomboideus Minor | retracts and braces scapula O=vertebraeC7-T1 I=medial border of scapula |
| Rhomboideus Major | retracts and braces scapula O= vertebrae T2-T5 |
| Pectoralis Major | flexes, adducts, medially rotates humerus O= medial 1/2 clavicle; costal cartliages 1-7 I=humerus |
| Latissimus Dorsi | adducts and medially rotates humerus; pulls arm and shoulderdown or back O-vertebrae T7-L5; illiac crest; thoracolumbar fascia I-humerus |
| Deltoid | anterioir fibers- flexes and medially rotates arm medial fibers- abduct arm posterior fibers- extend & laterally rotate arm O= scapula and clavicle I= humerus |
| Teres Major | extends and medially rotates humerus O= scapula I= humerus |
| Supraspinatus | aids deltiold abduction of arm; prevents humeral head slipping down O= supraspinous fossa of scapula I= greater tubercle of humerous |
| Rotator Cuff | tendons of 4 scapular muscles SITS |
| Infraspinatus | moudulates deltiod acion; prevents humeral head from slipping down O=supraspinous fossa of scapula I= greater tubercle of humerus |
| Teres minor | modulates deltiod action; prevents humeral head sliding upward; rotates humerus laterally O=lateral edge and posterior of scapula I= axilllary nerve |
| Subscapularis | modulates deltiod action; prevents humeral head sliding upward; rotates humerus medially O= infraspinous fossa of scapula I= lesser tubercle of humerus |
| Brachilais | prime mover of elbow flexion O= anterior surface of distal humerus I= coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna |
| Biceps Brachii | supination of forearm; synergist of elbow flexion O=long ead-superiois margin of glenoid cavity; short head- coracoid process I= tuberosity of radius; fascia of forearm |
| Triceps | extends elbow; assits adduction in arm O=long head- inferior margin of glenoid cavity lateral head- posterior surface of proxmial humerus medial head-posterior surface of entire humeral shaft I=olecranon; fascia |
| Brachioradialis | flexes elbow O=lateral supracondykar ridge of humerus I= lateral surface of radius neae styloid process |
| Pronator quadratus | prime mover of forearm pronation O=anterior surface of distal luna I= anterior surface of distal radius |
| Supinator | supinates forearm O=lateral epicondyle of humrus I=proximal end of radius |
| Flexor Carpi radialis | flexes wrist O= medial epicondyle I=base of metacarpals II-III |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | flexes O= medial epicondyle of humerus; posterior surface of ulna I=wrist bones and base of metcarpals |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis | flexes wrist. metcarpophalangeal and inter phalngeal joints O= medial epicondyle of humerus I=middle phalanges II-V |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | extends wrist O=lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus I=base of metacarpal II |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | extends and fixes wrist O=lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior surface of humerus I=base of metacarpal V |
| Extensor Digitorum | extends wrist joints O=lateral epicondyle of humerus I=dorsal surfaces of phalanges II-V |
| Intrinsic muscles of the hand | lumbricals, palmer interosseous muscles, abductor pollicis brevis, dorsal interosseous muscles |
| Psoas Major | flexes hip joint; brind trunk towards thigh O=verterbrae T12-L5 I=promiximal femur |
| Gluteus Maximus | extends thigh at hip, helps stabilize femur on tibia O=posterior ilium; coocyx N= inferior gluteual nerve |
| Gluteus medius/ gluteus minimus | abdusts and mediallu rotate thigh O= posterior surface of illium I=proximal femur |
| lateral rotators of hip acting on femur | 6 musscles deep to gluteus maximus and gluteus medius O=various I=proximal femur |
| quadriceps femoris | 4 muscles extend knee |
| rectus femoris | o=ilium i=patella; proximal tibia |
| vastus lateral/vastus medialis/vastus intermedius | o=femur I=patella; proximal tibia |
| sartorius | aids knee and hip flexion o=uper ilium i=medial surface of proximal tibia |
| biceps femoris | o=long head-ischial tuberosity i=lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula |
| semitendinosus | o=ischial tuberosity i=meidal surface of proximal tibia |
| semimembranosus | o=ischoal tuberosity i=medial condyle of tibia and collateral ligament |
| tibialis anterior | dorsiflexes foot o=lateral condyle and lateral margin of proximal tibia i= middle tarsal and metatarsal I |
| extensor digitorom longus | extends toes o=lateral condyles of tibia i=middle and distal phalanges II-V |
| fibularis longus | maintains foot arch o=head and lateral surface of proximal fibula i=medial tarsal and metatarsal |
| tibalis posterior | inverts foot o=posterior surfaces of proximal tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane i=tarsals and metatarsals II-IV |
| gastrocnemius | plantar flexion of foot o=condyles and popletial surface of femur;capsule of knee joint i=calcaneus |
| soleus | plantar flexion of the foot; stabilizes ankle o=posterior surfaces of head of fibula and fibula i=calcaneus |
| extensor digitorium brevis | extends digits/toes o=calcaneus; retinaculum of ankle i= proximal phalanx I |
| flexor digitorum brevis | flexor digits II-V; supports foot arch o=calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis i=middle phalanges II-V |
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