| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Nicholas & Alexandra | King and queen of Russia when the revolutions began (march and november) |
| Lenin | made Russia a communist country |
| Stalin | Lenin's successor |
| Rasputin | an illiterate peasant and self-proclaimed "holy man" who was known as a healer because he helped the czarnias son when he had hemophelia and got rid of it. |
| Bolsheviks | elite revolutionary party represented a small percentage of socialists, Lenin gave them the name Bolsheviks, meaning majority. |
| Red Army | communists |
| Whites | counterrevolutionaries who remained loyal to the czar |
| Cheka | a secret police force |
| Proletariat | the growing class of factory and railroad workers, miners and urban wage earners |
| Soviet | Councils of workers and soldiers |
| Commissar | Communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure party loyalty |
| USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or the Soviet Union |
| NEP | kept control of banks, foreing trade, and large industries- it allowed small businesses to reopen for private profit. the government also stopped squeezing peasants for grain. |
| Great Purge | Stalin's Reign of Terror that charge people with a wide range of crimes, from counterrevolutionary plots to failure to meet production quotas |
| Comintern | made by lenin that aided revolutionary groups around the world and urge colonial peoples to rise up against imperialist powers. |
| Command economy | Government officials made all basic economic decisions |
| Collective | Large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group |
| Kulak | Wealthy peasants |
| Peace, Land and Bread | Lenin and Bolsheviks promised this to the war weary Russian people |
| Leon Trotsky | Assisted Lenin, a committed Marxist revolutionary |
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