Chemistry
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 saturated | the maximum quantity of a substance that will dissolve in a certain quantity of water |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent to produce a saturated solution |
| unsaturated | a solution that contains less dissolved solute than the amount that the solvent can normally hold at that temperature |
| supersaturated | an unstable solution that contains more solute than could be dissolved at that temperature |
| polar molecule | a molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed; each molecule has a partial positive region at one end and a partial negative region at the other end |
| concentration | the strength of a solution; how much solute is dissolved in a specific quantity of solvent or solution |
| percent | a way to express concentration |
| parts per million | ppm; the number of molecules of a substance in a mixture for every 1 million molecules in that mixture |
| parts per billion | ppb; the number of "parts" by weight of a substance per billion parts of water. Used to measure extremely small concentrations. |
| heavy-metal ions | ions of heavy metals; atoms tend to have greater masses than those of essential metallic elements; these tend to be harmful to living matter |
| pH scale | a convenient way to measure and report the acidic, basic or chemically neutral character of a solution |
| Alkaline | a substance with a pH greater than 7 |
| acid | made up of a molecule including one or more hydrogen atom that can be released rather easily in a water solution |
| base | water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue; ionic substances that include hydroxide ions |
| molecular substance | substances such as sugar and ethanol, dissolve n water but not as ions; composed of molecules |
| electronegativity | the ability of an element's atoms to attract shared electrons when bonding within a compound |
| soluble | a substance capable of being dissolved in some solvent (usually water) |
| insoluble | incapable of being dissolved in a given substance |
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