1.
Acinar: ... tissue in the pancreas is exocrine as it secretes digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct.
2.
Adrenal cortex: Secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
3.
Adrenal medulla: Secretes adrenaline
4.
Adrenaline: ... is a hormone that can increase heart rate.
5.
Baroreceptors: ... detect if blood pressure is too low or too high.
6.
Calcium voltage gated ion channels: ... in the beta cell membrane open after the beta cell depolarises, and Ca2+ moves in. Vesicles of insulin migrate and fuse with the membrane, and insulin is released by exocytosis.
7.
Cardiovascular centre: Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors and stretch receptors send action potential to the ... in the brain.
8.
Chemoreceptors: ... detect the pH of the blood -- if it is too high then too much CO2 is present.
9.
Ectotherms: Are dependent on environmental heat sources. Have behavioural adaptations to regulate core body temperature.
10.
Endocrine gland: Secretes hormones directly into the blood.
11.
Endotherms: Can regulate core body temperature using physiological and behavioural adaptations.
12.
Exocrine gland: Secretes molecules into a duct that transports them to where they are used.
13.
First messenger: Carries messages in the blood e.g. adrenaline
14.
Glucagon: ... is secreted when blood sugar is too low.
15.
Glucocorticoids: Hormones responsible for metabolism
16.
Glucogenesis: The formation of glucose from the breakdown of glycogen.
17.
Gluconeogenesis: The formation of glucose from sources like amino acids and fatty acids and other non-carbohydrates.
18.
Glycogenesis: The storage of glucose as glycogen
19.
GM: ... insulin is not rejected by the body as it is identical to human insulin.
20.
Hormone: A molecule that carries a signal around the body
21.
Insulin: ... is secreted when blood glucose is too high.
22.
Islets of Langerhans: ... in the pancreas, containing alpha and beta cells, are endocrine as they secrete hormones directly into the blood.
23.
Mineralocorticoids: Hormones responsible for ion concentration in the blood
24.
Peripheral temperature receptors: ... detect changes in temperaure.
25.
Phosphorylated: - Blood glucose increases.
- Glucose enters the beta cell via glucose transporter proteins.
- Glucose is ... and then respired.
26.
Potassium gated ion channels: ... in the membrane of the beta cell shut in response to an increase in ATP concentration. The cell then depolarises as K+ cannot leave.
27.
Second messenger: Carries messages in the cell e.g. cAMP
28.
Stem cells: ... can be used to replace damaged beta cells.
29.
Sympathetic: Action potentials sent via the ... nervous system increase the heart rate.
30.
Target tissue: A tissue whose cells have receptors for a particular hormone -- the tissue where the hormone has its effects.
31.
Thermoregulatory centre: Peripheral temperature receptors send action potentials to the ... in the hypothalamus, which sends action potentials or hormonal signals to effectors in skin and muscle, which correct the temperature change.
32.
Type I: ... diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells.
33.
Type II: ... diabetes is caused by a diet high in refined sugars.
34.
Vagus nerve: Action potentials sent via the ... of the parasympathetic nervous system decrease the heart rate.
