Human Geography - Population
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Created by:
cbrice-elion on October 31, 2011
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Demography | the study of population characteristics |
| MDC and LDC | More developed countries and lesser developed countries |
| ecumene | a portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| non-ecumene | a place where people are settled but will move eventually. ie. nomadic people |
| arithmetic density | the total number of objects in an area |
| physiological density | the number of people supported by an area of arable land |
| agricultural density | the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land |
| crude birth rate (CBR) | total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people |
| crude death rate (CDR) | total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people |
| natural increase rate (NIR) | the percentage by which a population grows in a year |
| doubling time | the number of years needed for a population to double |
| total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children a women can have throughout her child bearing years. |
| infant mortality rate (IMR) | the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age |
| life expectancy | at birth measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels. |
| demographic transition | a process with several stages and every country is in one of them |
| Demographic Transition Model Stage 1 | NIR is essentially 0 examples: early human life, hunter gatherer tribes Uganda, Afghanistan |
| Demographic Transition Model Stage 2 | - sudden burst of population - CDR plummets - CBR remains same as stage 1 - countries that move into stage 2 are a result of the Industrial and Medical revolutions example: Guatemala |
| Demographic Transition Model Stage 3 | - CBR drops sharply - CDR drops slowly - transition occurs when a country has less people - economic reasons cause people to have less children example: Chile (many south American countries) |
| Demographic Transition Model Stage 4 | - when CBR declines to equal the CDR thus making the NIR = 0 - not enough babies to deaths - tend to be the most wealthier countries examples: Canada, Germany, Norway |
| dependency ratio | the umber of people are too young or too old to work compared to those in their productive years |
| sex ratio | number of males to 100 females |
| Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods. |
| Medical Revolution | Medical technology invent in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin American, Asia, and Africa. Better medical practices allow more people to survive less harmful sicknesses. |
| Thomas Malthus | first to suggest that wolds population was exceed the development of food. that population increased geometrically that food production increased arithmetically Population would surpass food production |
| epidemiologic transition | distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model |
| Push Factors | Economic: lack of jobs Cultural: political unsuitability (Communism) Environmental: hazardous environment |
| Pull Factors | Economic: lots of jobs Cultural: democracy Environmental: attractive regions (warm, seaside, mountains) |
| Migration Transition | Stage 1: high daily movements (nomadic) Stage 2: equal push and pull factors (industrialization) Stage 3&4: lots of pull factors, little push factors |
| Distance - Decay Function | eg: Mexico being so close to the U.S is an example of: |
| undocumented immigrants | people who enter a country without the proper paper documents |
| chain migration | the migration of people to a specific location beause of relatives or member of the same nationality previously migrated there. |
| brain drain | the large scale emigration by talented people |
| guest worker | people who are taken to a country (Canada) to work legally and are considered a guest in host country |
| Urbanization | rural to urban |
| Suburbanization | urban to sub-urban (sub divisions) |
| Counterurbanization | urban to rural |
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