CHAPTER 12 REVIEW- WHAP :P
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vdeleon0704 on October 31, 2011
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Justinian | empire reaches its peak HERE rebuilds Constantinople Codified Roman law_Corpus iuris civilis |
| Corpus iruis civilius | the body of the Civil Law |
| Belisarius | was sent (by Justinian) to regain western empire (but could not hold it) |
| What kind of government? | highly centralized State- large bureaucracy |
| The emergence of the Islamic state | seventh century a.Arab peoples conquered the Sasanid empire and part of Byzantium b.Prolonged sieges of Constantinople by Islamic armies c.Byzantium survived partly because of Greek fire |
| Themes | provinces under generals strengthen the empire (revival) |
| Industry and trade | Constantinople was major site of crafts and industry a.Glass, linen, textiles, gems, jewelry, gold, and silver b.Silk developed into major industry in sixth century; secrets came from China |
| Constantinople was clearinghouse for trade | a.Bezant was the standard currency of Mediterranean basin b.Western anchor of trade route revived silk roads |
| The legacy of classical Greece | 1. Official language went from Latin to Greek 2. State-organized school system trained workforce a.Primary education: reading, writing, grammar b.Later education: classical Greek, literature, philosophy, science c.Higher education in Constantinople: law, medicine, philosophy 3. Byzantine scholarship emphasized Greek tradition a.Wrote commentaries on Greek literature b.Preserved and transmitted Greek thought to later cultures |
| The Byzantine church | 1.Most distinctive feature was involvement of the emperor a.Council of Nicaea (325 C.E.) in which Arianism was declared heresy b.Iconoclasm controversy (726-843) was started by Leo III 2.Greek philosophy applied to Byzantine theology |
| Monasticism and popular piety | 1.Monasticism origins in early Christian ascetics (hermits) a."Pillar saints" like St. Simeon Stylite b.St. Basil of Caesarea (329-379 C.E.) organized monastic movement 2.Mt. Athos, monastery in northern Greece from ninth century to present 3.Monks/nuns very popular with laity a.Provided social services to the community b.Opposed iconoclasm |
| Tensions between eastern and western Christianity | 1.Constantinople and Rome: strains mirrored political tensions 2.Ritual and doctrinal differences, such as iconoclasm 3.Schism in 1054--Eastern Orthodox versus Roman Catholic |
| Early relations between Byzantium and Slavic peoples | 1.Byzantines began to influence Bulgarian politics and culture after the eighth century 2.Missions to the Slavs a. Saints Cyril and Methodius, mid-ninth century b. Cyrillic writing stimulated conversion to Orthodox Christianity c. Education and religion tied together, led to more conversions |
| Byzantium and Russia | 1.Mid-ninth century, Russians started to organize a large state: Kiev 2.The conversion of Prince Vladimir, 989 a. Kiev served as a conduit for spread of Byzantine culture and religion b. Cyrillic writing and literature and Orthodox missions spread Byzantine culture c. Byzantine art and architecture dominated Kiev: icons and onion domes 3.Princes established caesaropapist control of Russian Orthodox church 4.Russian culture flourishes from eleventh century a. Moscow claimed to be world's "third Rome" b. Sent out many missionaries from sixteenth century on |
| Domestic problems and foreign pressures | 1.Generals and local aristocrats allied; new elite class challenged imperial power 2.Western Europe took parts of Byzantium a. Normans in southern Italy and Sicily b. Crusaders carved out states and sacked Constantinople (1204) 3.Muslim Saljuq Turks invaded Anatolia, defeated Byzantines at Manzikert, 1071 4.Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453, the end of the empire |
| Urban life | 1.Housing in Constantinople varied widely by class 2.Attractions of Constantinople: baths, taverns, theaters a. Hippodrome used for mass entertainment b. Chariot races most popular; Greens and Blues rivalry |
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