Daoism, Confucianism, Shinto
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Created by:
lackadaisy on October 31, 2011
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World Religions Exam 2
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64 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chuang Tzu | Lao Tzu's disciple, who lived 200 years after him and wrote numberous treatises on the Tao. Considered the best interpreter of the Tao Te Ching. |
| Confucius | The founder of Confucianism and the philosophical "opponent" of Lao Tzu. |
| Fields of Cinnabar | The three regions of the body located in the head, chest, and abdomen. |
| Hsien | Those who become immortal |
| I Ching | "Book of Changes," containing explanations of systems of divination and the identification of materials with their associated yin and yang properties. One of the five classics of Confucianism. |
| Ko Hung | Taoist scholar and proponent of the immortality school of religious Taoism. |
| Kuei | Bad and unpredictable spirits |
| Lao Tzu | The most familiar name of the founder of Taoism, meaning "old boy." |
| P'eng-lai | Paradisiacal island upon which the hsien were believed to dwell. |
| Shen | Beneficial spirits, associated with the sun and the spring, who protected people from the kuei. |
| Shu Ching | "Book of History" and one of the five classics of Connfucianism |
| Tao | The "way" or "order," but in Taoism refers to the ordering principle of the universe. For things to be in their natural and proper state, they must be in harmony with the Tao. |
| Tao Chia | Philosophical Taoism |
| Tao Te Ching | The basic text of Taoism composed by Lao Tzu |
| Wu-Hsing | The five elements: earth, wood, metal, fire, and water |
| Wu-Wei | "non-action," "not doing," or "inaction," the Taoist form of action, meaning to do nothing in such a way that all things are accomplished and the world is brought into subjection to the Tao. |
| Yang | The male principle of the universe, characterized by light, heat, strength, positivity, intellect, aggressiveness, dryness, sky, heaven, sun, and south. |
| Yin | The female principle of the universe, characterized by darkness, cold, weakness, negativity, intuition, sluggishness, wetness, earth, moon, and north. |
| Amaterasu | The sun goddess, who was born when Izanagi washed his left eye. |
| Bushido | The code of the warrior, comparable to the code of medieval chivarly "The Warrior-Knight way" |
| Analects (Lun Yu) | A collection of sayings of Confucious compiled by his disciples; one of the Four Books |
| Chen Ming | Accurate correspondence of words with objective reality |
| Ch'i | The physical element of being |
| Chu Hsi | Chinese philosopher who formulated the Confucian canon and established neo-Confucianist thought |
| Ch'un Ch'iu | "Spring and Autumn Annals," chronicling the history of the state of Lu; one of the Five Classics |
| Chung Yung | Principle of the "golden mean," similar to Aristotle's doctrine of the mean. It is described in one of the Four Books, which bears the same title. |
| Chun Tzu | Confucian gentleman |
| Hsiao | Filial piety; respect due to parents, elders, and superiors |
| Jen | "Human heartedness" or "true manhood" the ideal attribute and goal of a Confucian education |
| Li (rational principle in Neo-Confucianism) | Impels the vital physical force in every object toward movement or generation |
| Li (ritual) | The proper way in which relationships between people should be managed |
| Li Chi | "Book of ritual" discussing the meanings of rituals; one of the Five Classics, incorporating as chapters two of the Four Books |
| mencius (Meng Tzu) | Disciple of Confucius and influential interpreter of his doctrines |
| Shih Ching | "Book of Poetry" containing song lyrics; one of the Five Classics |
| Shu Ching | "Book of History" featuring sayings and doings of the ancient sage-kings; one of the Five Classics |
| Ta Hsueh | "Great Learning" discourse on promoting order in society through self-cultivation of individuals. It is one of the Four Books and was the "primer" text in a classical Confucian education. |
| T'ien | "heaven" the supreme deity through much of Chinese history |
| Tso Chuan | one of three commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals, and required memorization for the classical Confucian student |
| Harai | Ritual purification made preparatory to communion with the kami |
| Haraiguishi | Traditional purification wands used by the Shinto priests |
| Ise | the location of the Grand Shrine of Ise dedicated to Amaterasu |
| Izanagi | Primeval kami of the sky. He and his wife, Izanami, created the Japanese islands. |
| Izanami | Primeval kami of the earth. She gave birth to a number of the islands of Japan and 35 deities |
| Jimmu | The grandson of Ninigi and first emperor of Japan |
| Kami | powers or divine beings which reside in all things; they can bless or, if not appropriately treated, can cause unhappiness |
| Kami-dana | Household shrine where prayers and daily offerings to the kami are made |
| Kami no michi | native Japanese term for Shinto |
| Kojiki | "Record of Ancient Matters" contains the basic story of the Shinto myth |
| Matsuri | Festivals at Shinto shrines |
| Naorai | Sacred meal "shared" with the kami as a symbol of communion |
| Nihongi | "Chronicles of Japan" contains the basic myth about the creation of Japan |
| Niiname Matsuri | Harvest festival at which the emperor offers first fruits to the kami |
| Ninigi | The gradson of Amaterasu and the first ruler of Japan |
| Norito | Prayers offered at home or communal shrines, accompanied by ritual bowing and hand-clapping |
| Oharai | "Great Purification" a twice-yearly festival in which the whole of Japan and her people are purified |
| Omizuya | Abultion pavilion at the entrance of a shrine |
| Sakaki | an evergreen tree whose foliage is symbolic of purification |
| Samurai | The military class of the Japanese feudal tradition |
| Shinsen | Offerings made to the kami at home or at a shrine |
| Shinto | Name of the religion, meaning "way of the gods" |
| Shoguns | Military leaders of Japan during its feudal era and the actual powers behind the emperor until the Meiji restoration |
| Susano | The storm god and mischievous brother of Amaterasu, created when Izanagi washed his nose |
| Torii | The gate before a shrine which separates the mundane world from the sacred enclosure |
| Tsuki-yomi | The moon god, who was created when Izanagi washed his right eye |
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