Microbiology chapters 9 and 11
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mmadonna0807 on October 31, 2011
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Control of growth | physical techniques and chemical agents used to destroy, reduce, or remove microbes |
| disinfection | destroys most microbial life on inanimate surfaces |
| steralization | destruction of all microbial life |
| antisepsis | destroys most microbial life on living surfaces |
| decontamination | mechanical removal of most microbes |
| sanitization | cleansing technique that removes microbes |
| pasteurization | technique using heat to kill agents of infection of food, doesn't alter taste |
| lyophilization | combination of freezing and drying |
| filtration | removes microbes from air and liquid |
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity. |
| gene | segment of DNA that contains code to make RNA |
| genome | total of genetic material in cell |
| chromosome | structure composed of neatly packages DNA |
| phenotype | The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up. |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| exons | expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein |
| introns | sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein |
| operon | group of genes operating together, controls mRNA production |
| DNA replication | genetic program is duplicated and passed on to each offspring |
| translation | RNA is used to produce proteins |
| transcription | DNA is used to synthesize RNA |
| transfer RNA | brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation |
| messenger RNA | carries DNA code to ribosome |
| ribosomal RNA | forms part of ribosome and participates in protein synthesis |
| pyrimadines | nitrogen bases that form DNA and RNA; thymine and cytosine (uracil) |
| purine | guanine and adenine |
| DNA structure | nucleotide made of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base |
| transformation | transfer of naked DNA |
| transduction | DNA transfer through action of bacterial virus |
| conjugation | attachment of 2 related species, & formation of bridge that transports DNA |
| transposons | sections of DNA that can move around |
| mutations | phenotypic changes due to changes in genotype |
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