| Term | Definition |
|---|
| central, peripheral | Two major divisions of the nervous system: ___ and ___ |
| brain, spinal cord | Central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the ___ and the ___ ___ |
| autonomic, somatic | The two major divisons of the periperal nervous system (PNS) is: ___ and ___ |
| somatic | ___ nervous system controls skeletal muscle. |
| parasympathetic, sympathetic | Two branches of the autonomic nervous system: ___ and ___ |
| neurons | ___ (s) - units or cells that make up the nervous system |
| CNS, PNS | Create and pass electrical signals from neuron to neuron, to and from the ___ and ___ |
| neuron | The basic unit of the nervous system is the individual nerve cell called ___. |
| peripheral | ___ nervous system, consisting of the nerves that connect the brain or spinal cord with the body's muscles, glands, and sense organs. |
| neurotransmitters | In most neurons, the electrical signal causes the release of chemical messengers called ___(s) - to communicate with other cells. |
| electrical | Neurons create and pass ___ signals from neuron to neuron to and from the CNS and PNS |
| axon, cell body, dendrites | Neurons contain three main components: ___, ___ ___, and ___(s) |
| axons, dendrites | Two types of neural processes that extend from the cell body: ___(s) and ___(s) |
| cell body, neural processes | Neurons contain three main components: __ __ and two types of ___ ___(s) |
| axons, dendrites | Two types of neural processes that extend from the cell body are called: ___(s), and ___(s) |
| soma | Another word for cell body is ___. |
| cell body | __ __ (soma) contains nucleus and most organelles. |
| cell division | Although neurons have a nucleus, mature neurons lose ability for ___ ___ |
| neurons | Mature neurons lose ability for cell divison. Adults have all ___(s) they will ever have. |
| receive, synapses | Dendrites - ___ input from other neurons at specialized junctions called ___(s). |
| dendrites | A series of highly branched outgrowths of the cell body...they receive input from other neurons at the synaptic junctions. ___(s) |
| pre-synaptic, post-synaptic | At synapse: ___-___ cell releases neurotransmitter that communicates with the dendrite of ___-___ cell. |
| axon,sends | ___ (or nerve fiber): the long stem that comes off the cell body that ___(s) information |
| initial segment | ___ ___ (or axon hillock) - where axon connects to the cell body. Specialized for the "initiation" of action potentials |
| electrical | The initial segment is the "trigger zone" where the ___ signals are generated. |
| axon terminal | Each axon branch ends in an ___ ___, which is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters from the axons. |
| action potentials | ___ ___ (s) (electrical signals) travel down axon to axon terminal. |
| postsynaptic, effector | Axon terminal: specialized to release neurotransmitter to ___ cell or ___ organ |
| myelin | Most axons (not all) are covered by ___. |
| speeds-up, energy | Myelin: ___(s) - ___ conduction of the electrical signal (action potentials) along the axon, and conserves ___. |
| nodes, ranvier | ___ of ___ -- spaces on the axon between myelin sheathing which are exposed to the extracellular fluid. |
| 20, 200 | Myelin usually consists of ___ to ___ layers of modified plasma membrane wrapped around the axon by a nearby supporting cell. |
| oligodendrocytes | In the CNS (brain and spinal cord) the myelin-forming cells are called ___(s). |
| 40 | Each oligodendrocyte may branch to form myelin on as many as ___ axons. |
| myelinated | Amongst all types of neurons, ___ neurons conduct action potentials (electrical signals) most rapidly. |
| Schwann | In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), cells called ___ cells form individual myelin sheaths at regular intervals along the axons. |
| afferent, efferent, interneurons | Neurons can be divided into three functional classes of neurons: ___, ___, and ___. |
| afferent | ___ neurons convey information from the tissues and organs "into" the CNS. |
| efferent | ___ neurons convey information from the CNS "out" to effector cells like muscle, gland, or other nerve cells. |
| interneurons | ___ connect neurons "within" the CNS. |
| efferent, interneurons | Estimate, for each afferent neuron entering the CNS, there are 10 ___ neurons and 200,000 ___(s). |
| interneurons | With a ratio of 1:10:200,000, a majority of neurons are ___ (s)....99% of neurons are these. |
| sensory receptors | Afferent neurons have ___ ___(s) at one end (peripheral ends...the ends farthest from the CNS) |
| sensory receptors | ___ ___(s) respond to various physical or chemical changes in their environment by generating electrical signals in the neuron. |
| central | Afferent neurons send electrical signals from their receptors into the ___ nervous system. |
| two | Afferent axons divide into ___ branches shortly after leaving the cell body. |
| peripheral | Afferent axon: the ___ process ends at the receptors. |
| central | Afferent axon: the ___ process enters the central nervous system to form junctions with other neurons. |
| PNS, CNS | Most of the afferent neuron remains in the ___, only a small portion (the central process) enters the ___. |
| CNS | All parts of the interneurons are in the ___. |
| effecting, CNS | Efferent neurons ("___(ing)" change: movement, secretion, etc.) projecting out of the ___. |
| affects, CNS | Afferent neurons (their activity "___(s)" what will happen next) into the ___. |
| outside | For afferent neurons both the cell body and the long axon (peripheral process) are ___ the CNS, only part of the central process enters the brain or spinal cord. |
| CNS, PNS | Efferent neurons: Cell body, dendrites, and a small segment of the axon are in the ___, most of the axon is in the ___ |
| efferent | Transmit informaiton out of the CNS to effector cells, particularly muscles, glands or other neurons. What kind of neuron? |
| interneurons | What kind of neurons function as integrators and signal changers? (s) |
| afferent | Which neuron has the cell body and the long peripheral process of the axon in the PNS, only the short central process of the axon enters the CNS. |
| afferent | Most of these neurons have no dendrites (do not receive inputs from other neurons) |
| interneurons | What kind of neuron integrates groups of afferent and efferent neurons into reflex circuits? |
| nerves | Axons of the efferent and afferent neurons form the ___(s) of the PNS |
| nerve | A ___ is a bundle of axons |
| axon | A nerve fiber is a single ___. |
| synapses | ___(s) - junction between neurons where one neuron effects another chemically or electrically. |
| presynaptic | ___ neuron - a neuron that conducts a signal toward a synapse. |
| postsynaptic | ___ neuron - a neuron that conducts a signal away from a synapse. |
| none | The knee-jerk reflex elicited by tapping below the kneecap requires how many interneurons --- the afferent n. interact directly with the efferent n. |
| millions | When you hear a song or smell a certain perfume that evokes memories, how many interneurons may be involved (opposite of knee-jerk reflex) |
| neurotransmitters | The ___ released from one neuron alter the receiving neuron by binding with specific protein receptors on the membrane of the receiving neuron. |
| glial | Neurons account for 10% of the cells in the CNS. The remainder are ___ cells. |
| 50 | Because neurons branch more extensively than glia do, neurons occupy about ___ percent of the volume of the brain and spinal cord. |
| oligodendrocyte | One type of glial cell, the ___, forms the myelin covering of CNS axons. |
| glial | These type of cells surround the soma, axon, and dendrites of neurons and provide them with physical and metabolic support. |
| signal | Glial cells do not funciton directly in ___ transmission. |
| glial | What type of cell provides structural integrity to the CNS? |
| somatic | Of or relating to the portion of the vertebrae nervous system (PNS) that regulates voluntary movement. |
| autonomic | Of or relating to the portion of the vertebrae nervous system (PNS) that regulates in-voluntary movement. |
| peripheral | ___ nervous system, consisting of the nerves that connect the brain or spinal cord with the body's muscles, glands, and sense organs. |
| 40 | Each single oligodendrocyte can form myelin on up to how many axons? |
| 1 | Each single Schwann cell can form myelin on how many axons? |
| glial | Neurons account for 10% of the cells in the CNS. The remainder are ___ cells (accouunt for 90%) |
| 50 | Neurons make up ___ % of the volume in the brain and spinal cord because they branch more extensively than glial cells do. |
| glial | These type of cells DO NOT function directly in signal transmission but instead provide structural integrity to the NS (nervous system) |
| glial, CNS | Astrocyte is a type of ___ cell found in the ___. (this is a supportive cell to neurons) |
| glial, CNS | Oligodendrocyte is a type of ___ cell found in the ___. (this is a supportive cell to neurons) |
| glial, CNS | Microglia is a type of ___ cell found in the ___. (this is a supportive cell to neurons) |
| glial, CNS | Ependymal cell is a type of ___ cell found in the ___. (this is a supportive cell to neurons) |
| glial, PNS | Schwann cells are a type of ___ cell found in the ___. (this is a supportive cell to neurons) |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace