Ch. 9 Shoulder Girdle
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Created by:
Rose_Mariano on October 31, 2011
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Origins and Insertions, Bones and Landmarks, Ligaments, Muscles and Nerves
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Shoulder Complex | a term that is sometimes used to include all of the structures involved with motion of the shoulder |
| Bones of the Shoulder Complex | consists of the scapula, clavicle, sternum, humerus, rib cage |
| Joints of the Shoulder Complex | -sternoclavicular joint -acromioclavicular joint -glenohumeral joint -coracoclavicular joint -scapulothroracic articulation |
| Scapulothoracic Articulation | not a joint; scapula and thorax do not have a point of fixation, the scapula does move over the rib cage of the thorax; they are connected indirectly by the clavicle and by several muscles; does provide motion and flexibility to the body |
| Shoulder Girdle | a term often used to discuss the activities of the scapula and clavicle and to a lesser degree, the sternum; the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints allow shoulder girdle motions. |
| Shoulder Girdle Motions | -elevation and depression -protraction and retraction -upward and downward rotation |
| Shoulder Joint | "glenohumeral joint" consists of the scapula and humerus |
| Shoulder Joint Motions | -flexion and extension -hyperextension -abduction and adduction -medial and lateral rotation -horizontal abduction and adduction |
| In a resting position, where is the scapula located? | between the second and seventh ribs, with the vertebral border approximately 2 to 3 inches later from the spinous processes of the vertebra; spine of the scapula is approximately level with the spinous process of the 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae |
| Superior Angle | Superior medial aspect, providing attachment for the levator scapula muscle |
| Inferior Angle | Most inferior point and where vertebral and axillary border meet; this point determines scapular rotation |
| Vertebral Border | Between superior and inferior angles medially and attachment of the rhomboid and serratus anterior muscles |
| Axillary Border | the lateral side between glenoid fossa and inferior angle |
| Spine | Projection on posterior surface, running from medial border laterally to the acromion process; provides attachment for the middle and lower trapezius muscles |
| Coracoid Process | Projection on anterior surface, attachment for the pectoralis minor muscle |
| Acromion Process | Broad, flat area on the superior lateral aspect, providing attachment for the upper trapezius muscle |
| Glenoid Fossa | Slightly concave surface that articulates with humerus on superior lateral side above the axillary border and below the acromion process |
| Define Clavicle | an S-shaped bone that connects the upper extremity to the axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular joint |
| Sternal End | attaches medially to the sternum |
| Acromial End | attaches laterally to scapula and provides attachment for the upper trapezius muscle |
| Body of Clavicle | area between the two ends |
| Sternum | a flat bone located in the midline of the anterior thorax; superior end provides attachment for the clavicle, followed beneath by attachments for the costal cartilages of the ribs |
| Manubrium | superior end, providing attachment for the clavicle and the first rib |
| Body of Sternum | middle two-thirds of the sternum, providing attachment for the remaining ribs |
| Xiphoid Process | "sword-shaped", the inferior tip |
| Sternoclavicular Joint | provides shoulder girdle with its only direct attachment to the trunk; joins sternum and clavicle, only bony articulation between upper limb and torso |
| Sternoclavicular Joint Motions | -elevation and depression -protraction and retraction -rotation |
| Movement of SC Joint | motions occur in three planes, 3 degrees of freedom; "triaxial synovial joint" -sagittal axis (elevation/depression); 30-35 degrees of movement -long axis (anterior/posterior) -frontal axis (rotation); 45-50 degrees of freedom |
| Sternoclavicular Ligament (Anterior & Posterior) | -connects to clavicle to the sternum on both anterior and posterior surfaces -Posterior Sternoclavicular: limits anterior motion and is the stronges SC joint -Anterior Sternoclavicular: limits poster motion |
| Costoclavicular Ligament | short, flat, and rhomboid-shaped ligament that connects the clavicle's inferior surface to the superior surface of the costal cartilage of the first rib; limits the amount of clavicular elevation |
| Interclavicular Ligament | located on top of the manubrium, connecting the superior sternal ends of the clavicles; purpose it to limit amount of clavicular depression |
| Acromioclavicular Joint | connects the acromion process of the scapula with the lateral end of the clavicle; plane-shaped synovial joint with three planes of motion Note: has limited ROM- 10 degrees of rotational movement in 3 axes; tilts glenoid fossa up or down; |
| _ strength is important for stability | ligament |
| Movements of the AC joint | primary motion is rotation around the sagittal axis; up and down tilt around frontal axis; winging of the scapula around long axis |
| Acromioclavicular Ligaments (Superior & Inferior) | support the joint by holding the acromion process to the clavicle, preventing dislocation of the clavicle |
| Coracoclavicular Ligament | not directly located at this joint, but provides greatest stability and allows the scapula to be suspended from the clavicle; attaches to the inferior surface of the clavicle's lateral end and to the superior surface of the scapula's coracoid process -conoid portion:deeper medial -trapezoid portion: lateral Note: together they prevent backward motion of the scapula and individually they limit the rotation of the scapula |
| Coracoacromial Arch | Components: acromion, coracoacromial ligament, coracoid process of scapula -arch "houses" the proximal humerus, rotator cuff, and bursae |
| Coracoacromial Ligament | does not cross the acromioclavicular joint, forms a roof over humerus; provides support to the head when a upward force is transmitted along the humerus; attaches to the coracoid process and runs up and out to the inferior surface of the acromial process |
| Scapula Upward Rotation | the inferior angle of the scapula rotates up and away from the vertebral column |
| Scapula Downward Rotation | the return to the resting anatomical position |
| Scapular Tilt | occurs when the shoulder joint goes into hyperextension; superior end of scapula tilts anteriorly, and the inferior end tilts posteriorly ex: bowling, prerelease phase of a softball pitch |
| Dislocated Shoulder | may refer to dislocation of clavicle due to rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament |
| Glenohumeral Joint | -triaxial synovial ball-and-socket joint -greatest mobility of all joints in the body -connects head of humerus to glenoid fossa of scapula -glenoid fossa is shallow (does not resist movement) -articular surface is increased by the glenoid labrum |
| Movements of GH Joint | -frontal axis: flexion, extension, and hyperextension -sagittal axis: adduction and abduction -long axis: internal and external rotation -combination: horizontal adduction and abduction |
| Stability of GH Joint | -dependent on ligaments (and muscle strength) -superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments -coracohumeral ligament- most important |
| Scapulothoracic Joint | refers to contact between inferior angle and torso, not a true joint, but can act as one |
| Scapulothoracic Rhythm | describes movement of scapula relative to the movement of scapula relative to the movement of the humerus throughout a full range of abduction |
| Scapulothoracic Rhythm phases | -setting phase, 0-30 degrees of humeral abduction, no scapular movement -from 30-90, the scapula abducts and upwardly rotates 1 degree for every 2 degrees of humeral abduction -from 90 to full abduction, 1 degree for every 1 degree Note: 2 to 1 ratio |
| Bursae of the Shoulder | -fibrous pockets lined with synovial membrane -reduce friction due to movement of muscles, tendons and ligaments -bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae, resulting in acute pain |
| Bursae of the Shoulder | -Subacromial/Subdeltoid Bursae -Subscapularis Bursae-between subscapularis tendon and neck of glenoid fossa |
| Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle | -trapezius -levator scapulae -rhomboids -serratus anterior -pectoralis minor |
| Trapezius: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve | O-UT: occipital bone, nuchal ligament on upper cervical spinous process MT:spinous process of C7 through T3 LT: spinous process of middle and lower thoracic vertebrae I: UT: outer third clavicle, acromion process MT:scapular spine LT: base of scapular spine A: UT: scapular elevation and upward rotation MT: scapular retraction LT: scapular depression and upward rotation N: UT: spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI), C3 and C4 sensory component MT:same LT:same Note: UT=upper trapezius, MT=middle trapezius LT=lower trapezius |
| Levator Scapulae: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve | O- transverse process of first four cervical vertebrae I- vertebral border of scapula between the superior angle and spine A- scapular elevation and downward rotation N- 3rd and 4th cervical nerves and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) Note: covered entirely by trapezius muscle |
| Rhomboids: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve | O- spinous process of C7 through T5 I- vertebral border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle A- scapular retraction, elevation, and downward rotation N- dorsal scapular nerve (C5) |
| Serratus Anterior Muscle: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve | O-lateral surface of the upper 8 ribs I- vertebral border of the scapula, anterior surface A-scapular protraction and upward rotation N-long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) |
| Pectoralis Minor Muscle: Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve | O-anterior surface, third through fifth ribs I- coracoid process of the scapula A-scapular depression, protraction, downward rotation, and tilt N- medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) |
| Retraction | middle trapezius, rhomboids |
| Protraction | serratus anterior, pectoralis minor |
| Elevation | upper trapezius, levator scapula, rhomboids |
| Depression | lower trapezius, pectoralis minor |
| Upward Rotation | upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior (lower fibers) |
| Downward Rotation | rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor |
| Scapular Tilt | pectoralis minor |
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