| Term | Definition |
|---|
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth, including lips, tongue, and mucous membranes |
| primary stomatitis | noninfectious inflammation of the mouth |
| secondary stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth, that is usually infectious by opportunistic viruses, bacteria, or fungi |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | inadequate lower esophageal sphincter resulting in backward flow of GI contents |
| Stretta, Enteryx, and Bard EnodCinch Suturing system (BESS) | endoscopic procedures for GERD |
| Hiatal Hernia | muscle weakening at esophageal hiatus (can be congenital, trauma, obesity, or surgery) |
| Sliding Hiatal Hernia | Clinical manifestations include dyspepsia, regurgitation, chest pain, dysphagia, belching |
| Rolling Hiatal Hernia | Clinical manifestations include: epigastric fullness, breathlessness, feeling of suffocation, angina-like chest pain, increased symptoms in recumbant position |
| Lap or Open Nissen Fundoplication | surgical management of hiatal hernia |
| gastritis | inflammation of the gastric mucosa |
| Acute gastritis | Clinical manifestations includerapid onset epigastric pain, nausea/vomiting, hematemesis, gastric hemorrhage, dyspepsia, and anorexia |
| Chronic Gastritis | Clinical manifestions include: vague complaint epigastric pain relieved by food, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, intolerance of fatty and spicy foods, pernicious anemia |
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | presence of gastric, duodenal, and/or stress ulcers |
| melena | occult blood |
| appendicitis | lumen to the "blind pouch" is blocked and there is swelling from fluid secreted from the mucosa |
| Appendectomy or Laparotamy | surgical management procedures for appendicitis |
| Peritonitis | accute inflammation of the visceral/parietal peritoneum and endothelial lining of the abdominal cavity |
| Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction | Examples include: adhesions/strictures, hernias, tumors, fecal impactions, vulvulus, intussusception |
| Non-mechanical Intestinal Obstruction | Examples include: paralytic ileus, vascular disorders like emboli or narrowing of the mesenteric arteries |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Chronic GI disorder that is beleived to be due to the motor and sensory function of the GI tract |
| Truss | nonsurgical management--holster for a hernia |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) | procedure that allows for teh visualization of the stomach duodenum, sphincter, esophagus with lighted scope down the back of the throat |
| dyspepsia | heartburn |
| regurgitation | backwash or regulation of chime and food |
| hypersalivation | water brash (mouth waters) |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing (from longtime regurgitation caused hypertrophy at the glottis) |
| odynophagia | painful swallowing (uncomfortable) |
| Esophageal manometry | procedure that loods a tthe motility of the esophagus (very similar to the EGD) |
| GERD scan | radioisotope "tracer" to look at how it would concentrate in and around the stomach |
| prokinetic drugs (Reglin) | help with gastric emptying and moving things along the GI tract |
| Lap Nissen Fundoplication | operative procedure for GERD that puts a little "shrug" around the esophagus |
| Perforation | Complete erosion that causes gastric contents into the abdominal cavity |
| hematocrit | ratio with sufficient red blood cells |
| hypovalemia | blood loss, volume loss |
| borborygmi | high-pitched bowel sounds |
| obstipation | very small/few bowel movements--slowing down of normal elimination |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate | value of how fast red blood cells drop that is an indication in some cases of inflamation |
| anticholinergic agents | drug therapy that reduces spasms and calms the GI tract |
| Intestinal Herniation | iTypes include: indirect inguinal, indirect inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional or ventral (postoperative) |
| Strangulated Hernia | hernia protruding through the muscle wall is cutting off blood to the muscle, causing tissue death |
| Incarcerated Hernia | hernia that is pushed through the muscle, but not tightly, and doesn't come back in |
| Reducible Hernia | Hernia where no immediate intervention and that can go back in the peritoneal cavity |
| Herniorrhaphy or Hernioplastic | Operative procedure for hernias |
| Polyps | Bumps usually found in the large colon that are covered in mucous membrane and are often categorized by their size/shape and their potential to become malignant |
| Hemorrhoids | dilated, swollen, distended veins in the rectum |
| anorectal lesions | anal abscesses, anal fissures, anal fistulas |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease that is in the large colon, produces 10-20 liquid bloody stools daily, and is common in ages 15-25 and 55-65 |
| Crohn's disease | chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is often in the ileum with patchy involvement throughout the bowel with 5-6 loose stools/day, and common in ages 15-40 |
| Colostomy | can be done at any different point of the bowel, but the further around in the colon, the more normal the stool may appear |
| Ileostomy | entire colon is removed, sometimes to the point of anus removal, resulting in liquid stools |
| Bowel resection | removal of a section of the colon and then reattachment of the two sides |
| Double Barrel Colostomy | bring both stomas out to rest the colon and then go back and reconnect those |
| Diverticulosis | outpouchings of the colon are present, but there is no inflammation present |
| Diverticulitis | Inflamation of the colon |
| Cirrhosis | extensive scarring of the liver caused by chronic inflammation over time |
| Portal hypertension | hypertension tn the portal vein caused by a scarred liver causing back pressure in the portal vein |
| Jaundice | Can't break down the bilirubin because of dysfunction of the liver |
| Portal system encephalopathy | Build up of ammonia in the blood to a toxic level in the brain, causing confusion |
| Hepatitis A | fecal-oral route, or infectious hepatitis |
| Hepatitis C | non-casual contact contagious--spread blood to blood or occasionally sexually |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Cholethiasis | condition in which there is thick, sludgy bile stagnant in the gallbladder |
| Acute pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas, resulting in self-digestion |
| Malabsorption Syndrome | decreased ability to absorb nutrients |
| Steatorrhea | fatty stool |
| Celiac Sprue | Condition that includes the inability to process gluten from wheat and other grains. The inability to break it down causes inflammation of the intestinal tract |
Combine with other sets
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