Nervous tissue
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| an axon contains intermediate filaments composed of | neurofilament protein |
| is it easier for an axon or dendrite to stimulate the "educated" neuron? | axon |
| largest neurons are | tetraploid |
| what is the role of the central process? | send messages to other neurons |
| the threshold voltage for depolarizing the neuron depends on the | voltage sensitivity of its sodium channels |
| transmitter contacts the receotors in the membrane of what cell | recieving |
| a neuron is ________ in its nature; it is ______in its relationships | uncommon Unique |
| what helps tetraploid maintain their long axons? | double set of chromosomes |
| Dentrites contain more or less microtubules than intermediate filaments? | more microtubules |
| neurons without processes are considered | endocrine epithelial cells |
| an axon has more or less microtubules than filaments? | less microtubules |
| both cell bodies snd dendrites recieve impulsrs from | other neurons |
| stimulator receptors are usually | transmitter gated sodium channels which depolarize membrane making interior less negative |
| A neuron is valuable only for its | relationships with other cells |
| Where are nissl bodies almost never found? | axon hillock |
| what % of synapse are electrical? | .05 |
| how large is a chemical synaptic gap? | 20 nano |
| inhibitor receotors are usually | transmitter gated chloride channels |
| some dendrites increase their surface area by | producing extensins called spines in the stimulated region |
| NO decomposes how | spontaniously |
| how do astrocytes regulate each others activity? | gap junctions |
| an axon is the process of a neuron whose microtubules are arranged in groups held together by | tau-protein |
| blood brain barrier consists of | tight junctions betrween endoelial cells in capillaries of brain. capillaries ar surrounded by basal lamina |
| a neurons most important process is its | axon |
| the gap between the bouton terminal of one neuron and the body or dendrite of another is called a | synapse |
| when the calcium flows in how does it affect the synaptic gap? | some vessicles fuse wioth cell membrane and release transmitter inti synaptic cleft |
| sensory axon endings have how many vessicles? | none |
| stacks of RER is reffered to as | Nissl bodies |
| what induces the formation of the blood brain barrier and regualte its permiability? | astrocytes |
| the additive effect if iin movement at differnt synapses on. the same cell is called | spatial summation |
| what secreted by the astrocytes controls blood supply and how | eicosanoids by dialating and constricting arterioles |
| how wide is an electric synaptic gap | 4 nano |
| depolarization of the axon allows what to flow in? | Ca |
| what is the biggest job of the RER | -making Na/K ATPase -Voltage gated Na channels |
| the transmitter is usually pinicytosed from the synaptic cleft by | the axon ending that released it |
| granule cells of the hippocampus are around ____micro | 3-4 |
| how do astrocytes modlate the activity of neurons | controlling their environment |
| astrocyte processes contain | intermediate fillament or glial fillament protein |
| brain macrophages are | microglia |
| acetylcholine and anandamide are destroyed by | choline esterase adnd fatty acid amide hydrolase secreted by recieving neuron |
| Dendrites are processes whose microtubules | are scattered singly through the cytosol |
| processes of oligodendrocytes contain intermediate fillaments of? | glial fillament protein |
| most nerve cells are covered with | boutons terminaux |
| axin ending usually has a small swelling called a | bouton terminal usually many |
| nearly all neurons have how many axons | one and only one |
| a neuron usually makes howq many transmitters? | one or 2 but may have many receotors |
| durying embryonic life tetraploid cells replicate DNA without | dividing |
| what percent of cells in the brain are glial? | 90%, 40% by volume |
| some dopamine is destroyed by | monoamine oxidase |
| do muscle cells hasbituate? | no, only neurons! |
| oligodendrocytes have multiple processes that wrap around | nearby axons |
| motor neurons of the spinal cord have cell bodies upto____ and processes unto ________ long | 60 micro meters a meter! |
| if s synapse is overstimulated, the neuron will | endocytose or inactivate some of the receptors. this is called habituation |
| yhe messaage of a chemical synapse can travel only from where to where? | axon ending to dendrite or body of the other neuron |
| What direction do dendrites usually carry information? | toward cell body |
| how does cocaine affect e nervous system? | slows down pinocytosis of neurotransmitters |
| these surround small blood vessels and synapse | astrocytes |
| myelin acts as what, and prevents what? | Insulator, and prevents depolarization of one axon from affecting a neighboring one |
| What separates anions and cations? | myelin |
| when the cell body depolarizes, what flows into the axon hillock? what affect does this have? | -Na, -opens voltage gated sodium channels in axon |
| myelin is just thick enough that the effective range of positive field is the distance from where to where | Axon hillock to node of ranvier |
| specifically where does the influx of sodium in the axon hillock open the voltage gated channel? | node of ranvier |
| when influx at one node affects the next it is called? | saltatory conduction |
| depolarization at the nodes proceeds at what speed | speed of diffusion |
| Depolarization from one node to the next proceeds at what speed? | electromagnetic radiation |
| The nodes of thick axons depolarize slower or faster that thin axons? what are each of their speeds | Thick is faster-100m/s Think is slower-1m/s |
| oligodendrocyte myelin contains what type of protein. what is its function? | myelin basic protein -prevent regrowth of cut axons |
| what cells make the myelin around the peripheral nerves | schwann cells |
| each schwann cell makes myelin around a length how how many axons | 1 |
| can cut peripheral axons regenerate? | they sure can, schwann cell myelin does not contain myelin basic protein |
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