Religions of the Ancient Near East (for a paper)
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Created by:
coreyj77 on October 31, 2011
Subjects:
Foundations of western culture
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7 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 1. Introduction- Law of Mesopotamia | • Religion and the founding blocks of law o Detail- Temples were the center of Mesopotamian city states o Detail- Devine Authority, definition (shared with the Hebrews and Egyptians) |
| 2. Paragraph 2- Law of Egypt | • Ruled by a pharaoh (pharaoh was god) • Pharaoh ruled by the principles of Ma'at (peace and justice) • Pyramids and the pharaoh's authority |
| 3. Paragraph 3- Law of Judaism | • Devine Authority, Chosen by God (Covenant [which showed God's desire for a personal relationship], or prophet) Use Samuel and David as an example • Jehovah demanded obedience to his laws which were on a high and crucial standard, regardless of man |
| 4. Paragraph 4- Absolute Power | • Mesopotamian Kings had absolute power (Hammurabi's code, Hammurabi sitting above the law • Egypt- Checked by members of his family, and later a bureaucracy • Hebrews- Kept in Check by prophets, leaving God with the final say-so |
| 5. Paragraph 5- Laws from gods | • Mesopotamian law was the only law given by man instead of God/gods • Egyptians law was Ma'at- Truth, balance, order, law, morality, and justice • Jew's got theirs from a covenant with god |
| 6. Paragraph 6-Relationship between deities and humans | • Abstract due to the lack of verbal comm. • Hebrews stand alone in monotheism as well as the difference of God from humanity (made in his image), Refuses worship of all other gods (ten commandments) • Similarity of Egypt and Mesopotamia's polytheistic views (Ra and An are king gods, numerous gods, gods symbolize something: wind, sky, earth harvest; • Differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia (Egypt: No separate word for religion, positive outlook, Nile was predictable they praised it, Osiris brought civilization to Egypt, Natural borders fostered security and individual growth as a nation; Mesopotamia: Humans created to do the gods' dirty work, unpredictable in regards to humans, pessimistic view, more powerful but ultimately flawed like humans[Gilgamesh example]) |
| 7. Paragraph 7 Religion's role in social casting | • Priests were at the top due to the fear of god's wrath and the need for someone to intercede. Had to make proper sacrifices. • Thoughts of law and justice are important in Egypt and Jews because it keeps people from sinning (fornication and adultery) • Cast system was more important and placed regards on which you were. Different classes, different punishments. • Jehovah's compassion on ALL Israelites • Egyptian afterlife, weighing your good deeds against your bad (importance of compassion) |
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