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Peninsulares In Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain. Creoles In Spanish colonial society, descendants of Spanish who were born in Latin America. Mestizos In Spanish colonial society, a person of mixed Native American and European ancestry. Miguel Hidalgo Mexican priest and nationalist revolutionary who led a revolt that started the Mexican war of independence. José de San Martín Nationalist revolutionary leader, born in Argentina, who freed Chile and joined Simón Bolívar to free Peru. Simón Bolívar The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and the nation that would be named Bolivia. Monroe Doctrine An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers. Unification The act of making or becoming a single unit. Prussia German state which led the German unification movement and was the most powerful portion of the newly-created Germany. Militarism The glorification of the military and a readiness for war that results from a policy of building up strong armed forces. Wilhelm I The King of Prussia who became the first Kaiser of Germany in 1871. Otto von Bismarck Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule. Chancellor The titled used instead of Prime Minister in Prussia, and later Germany. "Blood and Iron" Policy of German unification put forth by Bismarck. It was based on a speech that was given outlining the belief that industry & war would unify Germany. Realpolitik Practical politics, in which an individual or nation would use any means necessary to reach a goal. Franco-Prussian War A war between France and Prussia that led to the founding of modern Germany. Napoleon III Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte and emperor of France who was defeated by Prussia during the Franco-Prussian War. Kaiser The German word for emperor.