Europe: The Russian Empire, European Empires, Europe at War, & The Soviet Union p318-347
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 czar | russian emperor |
| Ivan the Terrible | first czar of Russia, known for cruelty and being constantly at war |
| Peter the Great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia |
| Catherine the Great | ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, added new lands to Russia, encouraged science, art, lierature, Russia became one of Europe's most powerful nations |
| Russian Revolution | overturning of the Russian monarchy in 1917 |
| nationalism | strong pride in one's nation or ethnic group |
| colonialism | a system by which a country maintains colonies outside its borders |
| Austria-Hungary | Europe's largest empire in 1900; capital was Vienna; dual monarchy ruled by Hapsburg emperor |
| dual-monarchy | a system of government where one ruler governs two nations; ex: Austria-Hungary in 1900 |
| World War I | this began with the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914; Austria-Hungary declared this on Serbia & Russia |
| alliance | an agreement between people or nations to unite for a common cause |
| Adolf Hitler | was an elected member of the Nazi Party in 1933 in Germany |
| fascism | a philosophy that supports a strong, central government controlled by the military and led by a powerful dictator |
| Holocaust | the organized killing of European Jews and others by the Nazis during WWII |
| World War II | this began when Germany invaded Poland in 1934; the US became involved when Pearl HArbor was bombed by Japan in 1941 |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries |
| Iron Curtain | a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region |
| puppet government | one that does what it is told by an outside force |
| one-party system | only one party and only one candidate to choose from for each government position |
| Joseph Stalin | ruled the USSR during WWII; ruled from 1928-1953 after Lenin; name means "steel" in Russian |
| collective farm | government-owned farms and employed large numbers of workers; all crops distributed by the gov't |
| Warsaw Pact | treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania |
| Cold War | a period of political noncooperation after WWII between members of NATO and members of the Warsaw Pact |
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