Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders
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Created by:
ajones16 on November 1, 2011
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Classes:
PSYC 31: Introduction to Psychology
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 addiction | Development of a physical need for a psychoactive drug. |
| affective disorder (mood disorder) | A condition in which a person experiences extremes of moods for long periods, shifts from one extreme mood to another, and experiences moods that are inconsistent with events. |
| agoraphobia | A strong fear of being alone or away from the safety of home. |
| alcoholism | A pattern of continuous or intermittent drinking that may lead to addiction and that almost always causes severe social, physical, and other problems. |
| antisocial personality disorder | A long-term, persistent pattern of impulsive, selfish, unscrupulous, even criminal behavior. |
| anxiety disorder | A condition in which intense feelings of fear and dread are long-standing or disruptive. |
| biopsychosocial approach | An explanation for mental disorders that sees them as the result of a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. |
| bipolar disorder | A condition in which a person alternates between the two emotional extremes of depression and mania. |
| body dysmorphic disorder | A somatoform disorder characeterized by intense distress over imagined abnormalities of the skin, hair, face, or other areas of the body. |
| conversion disorder | A somatoform disorder in which a person appears to be (but actually is not) blind, deaf, paralyzed, or insensitive to pain. |
| cyclothymic personality (cyclothymic disorder) | An affective disorder characterized by an alternating pattern of mood swings that is less extreme than that of bipolar disorder. |
| delusions | False beliefs, such as those experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia or severe depression. |
| diathesis-stress model | An approach that recognizes the roles of predispositions and situational factors in the appearance of psychological disorders. |
| dissociative amnesia | A psychological disorder marked by a sudden loss of memory for one's own name, occupation, or other identifying information. |
| dissociative disorders | Conditions involving sudden and usually temporary disruptions in a person's memory, consciousness, or identity. |
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) | A dissociative disorder in which a person appears to have more than one identity, each of which behaves in a different way. |
| dysthymic disorder | A pattern of depression in which the person shows the sad mood, lack of interest, and loss of pleasure associated with major depression but to a lesser degree and for a longer period. |
| fugue reaction (dissociative fugue) | A psychological disorder involving sudden loss of memory and the assumption of a new identity in a new locale. |
| generalized anxiety disorder | A condition that involves long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any particular object or situation. |
| hallucinations | False or distorted perceptions of objects or events. |
| hypochondriasis | A strong, unjustified fear of physical illness. |
| major depression (major depressive disorder) | A condition in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months, often losing interest in all activities and taking pleasure in nothing. |
| mania | An elated, active emotional state. |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | An anxiety disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with certain thoughts or feels a compulsion to do certain things. |
| panic disorder | Anxiety in the form of severe panic attacks that come without warning or obvious cause. |
| personality disorders | Long-standing, inflexible ways of behaving that become styles of life that create problems, usually for others. |
| phobia | An anxiety disorder that involves strong, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction. |
| psychopathology | Patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for the affected person or for others. |
| schizophrenia | A pattern of severely disturbed thinking, emotion, perception, and behavior that constitutes one of the most serious and disabling of all mental disorders. |
| social phobias | Strong, irrational fears related to social situations. |
| sociocultural factors | Characteristics or conditions that can influence the appearance and form of maladaptive behavior, such as gender, age, and marital status; physical, social, and economic situations; and cultural values, traditions, expectations, and opportunities. |
| sociocultural perspective | An approach to explaining mental disorder that emphasizes the role of factors such as gender and age, physical situations, cultural values and expectations, and historical era. |
| somatization disorder | A psychological problem in which a person has numerous physical complaints without verifiable physical illness. |
| somatoform disorders | Psychological problems in which a person shows the symptoms of some physical (somatic) disorder for which there is no physical cause. |
| somatoform pain disorder | A somatoform disorder marked by complaints of severe, often constant pain with no physical cause. |
| specific phobias | Phobias that involve fear and avoidance of specific stimuli and situations such as heights, blood, and specific animals. |
| substance-related disorders | Problems involving the use of psychoactive drugs for months or years in ways that harm the user or others. |
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