BIOL 210 Ch. 15 Slides
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mandercruso on November 1, 2011
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108 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 immunocompetence | the ability of the body to react with myriad foreign substances |
| B; T | immunocompetence involves __ and __ lymphocytes |
| specialization | __ of the lymphocytes react only to one specific antigen or immunogen |
| antigens | __ stimulate a response by T and B cells |
| specificity and memory | 2 characteristic features of the third line of defense (specific immunity) |
| Lymphocyte development and differentiation; presentation of antigens; challenge of B and T cells by antigens; B cell response; T cell response | 5 main stages of immunologic development and interaction |
| humoral immunity | B lymphocyte response: the production and activities of antibodies |
| cellular immunity | T lymphocyte response |
| bone marrow | B cells mature in __ |
| thymus | T cells mature in the __ |
| lymphoid organs | B and T cells then migrate to separate areas in the __ |
| B | products of __ lymphocytes are antibody structure and function |
| T | __ cells respond to antigens by cell-mediated immunity |
| bone marrow | bursa of fabricus aka |
| thymus | where do T-lymphocytes complete their development? |
| markers | __ on cell surfaces involved in recognition of self and nonself cells |
| MHC | proteins are found on host cells |
| immunoglobulin | surface markers for B cells are |
| t-cell receptor | surface markers for T cells are |
| low; high | B cell circulation in blood is __ while T cell circulation in blood is __ |
| B cells | general function is production of antibodies, to inactivate, neutralize, target antigens |
| T cells | general function is that cells function in helping other immune cells, suppressing, killing abnormal cells; hypersensitivity; synthesize, cytokines |
| MHC-1 | used to present antigens inside |
| MHC-2 | used to present antigens outside |
| receptors | major functions are attachment to nonself (recognition), binding to cell surface; receiving and transmitting chemical messages to coordinate their response |
| B | __ cell receptors bind to antigen |
| T | __ cell receptors bind to processed antigen and the MHC molecules of cells that present antigen to them |
| eliminated | self-recognizing clones are __ |
| macrophages | in clonal selection, __ ingest the pathogen and induce an inflammatory response if appropriate |
| dendritic | in clonal selection, __ cells ingest the antigen and migrate to the nearest lymphoid organ |
| dendritic cell | in clonal selection, process and present antigen to T lymphocytes |
| B | in clonal selection, pieces of antigen drain into lymph nodes and activate __ cells |
| is not | stimulation by foreign antigens __ required |
| mitotic | antigen selects and stimulates a clone to undergo __ divisions |
| single | each lymphocyte expresses a __ specificity |
| tolerance | autoimmune diseases are caused by a loss of __ to self |
| antigen (Ag) | a substance that provokes an immune response in specific lymphocytes, also called immunogen |
| antigenicity | the property of behaving as an antigen |
| foreign | antigens are perceived as __ |
| more | complex molecules are __ immunogenic |
| proteins/polypeptides, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, nucleoproteins, polysaccharides | categories of antigens |
| good | microbial cells and viruses are __ immunogens when they are large |
| epitope | lymphocytes recognize and respond to only a portion of the antigen molecule - the __ |
| haptens | small foreign molecules that consist of only a determinant group |
| haptens | are too small to elicit an immune response on their own but if linked to a larger carrier molecule, then the combination develops immunogenicity |
| hapten | what term refers to a small molecule that must bind to a carrier in order to become immunogenic |
| alloantigens | cell surface markers and molecules that occur in some members of the same species but not in others (blood groups) |
| superantigens | bacterial toxins, potent stimuli for T cells |
| allergens | antigens that evoke allergic reactions |
| macrophages, dendritic cells, b cells | presentation of antigen to the lymphocytes and its early consequences is done by |
| immunoglobulin (Ig) | the receptor genes that undergo recombination are those governing __ synthesis |
| immunogobulins | large glycoprotein molecules server as the antigen receptors of B cells and as antibodies when secreted |
| immunogobulins | have Y-shaped arrangement |
| antigen binding sites | immunogobulins have ends of forks containing pockets called the |
| variable | immunogobulins have __ regions |
| CD4; CD8 | T-cell receptor (TCR) express either __ or __ receptors. |
| never | T-cell receptor is __ secreted |
| b-cell | T-cell receptor will stimulate __ proliferation and differentiation |
| b-cell | __ response is activation of B lymphocytes, clonal expansion, and antibody production |
| complement fixation | lysing bacterial cells |
| opsonization | opsonized bacteria engulfed more readily |
| neutralization | antibodies block binding of virus or exotoxin |
| agglutination | cross-linked bacterial cell antigens |
| IgG | long-term immunity; memory antibodies; neutralizes toxins, opsonizes, fixes complement |
| IgA | secretory antibody; on mucous membranes |
| IgM | produced at first response to antigen; can serve as B-cell receptor |
| IgD | receptor on B cells |
| IgE | antibody of allergy; worm infections |
| IgA | what type of antibodies are most important in our mucosal defenses? |
| cell-mediated immunity | part of the T-cell response; requires the direct involvement of T lymphocytes throughout the course of the reaction |
| MHC | t cells require some type of __ recognition before they can be activated, stimulate other T cells, B cells and phagocytes |
| dendritic cell; macrophages; MHC | T cells react with antigen processed by __ or __, and recognize antigen when presented with __ carrier |
| division; subsets | T cell activation prepares for cell __, producing __ |
| 3 | when activated by antigen, T cell gives rise to one of __ different types of progeny |
| T helper cell 1 | __ activate macrophages and help activate Tc cells |
| T helper cell 2 | __ assist B-cell processes |
| T cytotoxic cell | __ lead to the destruction of infected host cells and other "foreign" cells |
| T helper | __ cells play a central role in regulating immune reactions to antigens |
| interleukin-2 | secreted by T helper cells and stimulates the primary growth and activation of many types of T cells |
| interleukins-4, 5, 6 | some T helper cells secrete ___ which stimulates various activities of B cells |
| antigen/MCH | when T helper cells are stimulated by __ complex, they differentiation into either TH1 or TH2 cells |
| cytotoxicity | the capacity of certain T cells to kill a specific target cell |
| CD* | __ killer T cell becomes activated when it recognizes a foreign peptide complexed with self MHC-1 presented to it |
| perforins; granzymes | the cytotoxic t cell severely injures the target cell by the secretions of __ and __ |
| viral, cancer, other animals and humans | target cells that Tc cells can destroy include __ infected cells, __ cells, and cells from __ |
| virus | internal pathogens |
| natural killer | __ cells are related to T cells but lack specificity for antigens. They circulate through the spleen, blood, and lungs |
| natural killer | __ cells were probably the first killer cells to attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells |
| CD4 T-cells | what type of T-cells are most important for helping B-cells to proliferate and differentiate |
| natural immunity | immunity that is naturally acquired |
| active immunity | body produces antibody |
| passive immunity | performed antibodies are injected |
| artificial immunity | through natural infection |
| natural immunity | is acquired through the normal life experiences of a human and is not induced thru medical means |
| active immunity | is the consequence of a person developing his own immune response to a microbe |
| passive immunity | is the consequence of one person receiving preformed immunity made by another person |
| artificial immunity | is that produced purposely thru medical procedures (immunizations) |
| dead | __ organisms are safest |
| live | __ organisms offer better response |
| herd immunity | collective immunity thru mass immunization confers indirect protection on the nonimmune members |
| herd immunity | is an important force in preventing epidemics |
| artificial passive | if you received antivenin for a black widow spider bite, what sort of immunity do you have? |
| bone marrow; humoral | in humans, B cells mature in __ and provide __ immunity |
| b cells, dendritic cells, macrophages | serves as the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) |
| agglutination | the crosslinkage of antigens by antibodies |
| recognition of self | the function of histocompatibility complex molecules |
| IgG | the immunoglobulin capable of crossing the placenta |
| plasma cells | the type of cells that secrete antibodies are |
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