1.
ablation: the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function
2.
acute renal failure (ARF): has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia
3.
anuria: the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
4.
benign prostatis hypertrophy: an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in men over age 50
5.
bladder retraining: a program of urinating on a schedule with increasingly longer time intervals
6.
bladder ultrasound: the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination
7.
catheterization: performed to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to control incontinence, or to place fluid into the bladder
8.
chronic renal failure: the progressive loss of renal functions
9.
computed tomography: used as a primary tool for evaluation of the urinary system
10.
cystalgia: pain in the urinary bladder
11.
cystectomy: the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
12.
cystitis: an inflammation of the bladder
13.
cystocele: a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a fallen bladder
14.
cystography: a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter
15.
cystolith: a stone located in the urinary bladder
16.
cystopexy: the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
17.
cystorrhaphy: the surgical suturing of the bladder
18.
cystoscopy: the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
19.
dialysis: a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function
20.
digital rectal examination: performed on men to screen for prostate enlargement, infection, and indications of prostate cancer
21.
diuresis: the increased output of urine
22.
dysuria: difficult or painful urination
23.
edema: excessive fluid in the body tissues
24.
end-stage renal disease (ESRD): refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys
25.
enuresis: the involuntary discharge of urine
26.
epispadias: a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male, the urethral opening is located on the upper surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris
27.
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL): the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel
28.
female urethra: approximately 1.5 inches long; urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina; conveys only urine
29.
glomerulonephritis: a form of nephritis that involves primarily the glomeruli; also known as Bright's disease
30.
glomerulus: a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman's capsule
31.
hemodialysis: the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys
32.
hemolytic uremic syndrome: a condition in which hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia cause acute renal failure and possibly death
33.
hydronephrosis: the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys
34.
hydroureter: the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked
35.
hyperproteinuria: the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
36.
hypospadias: a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is into the vagina
37.
incontinence: the inability to control excretory functions
38.
indwelling catheter: one that remains inside the body for a prolonged time
39.
interstitial cystitis: a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
40.
intravenous pyelogram: a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters used to diagnose changed in the urinary tract
41.
Kegel exercises: a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to control urinary stress incontinence in women
42.
Kidneys: a pair of bean-shaped organs that filter water and waste materials from the blood
43.
KUB (Kidneys, Ureter, Bladder): a radiographic study of these structures without the use of a contract medium
44.
lithotomy: a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder
45.
male urethra: approximately 8 inches long; urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis; transports both urine and semen
46.
meatotomy: a surgical incision made in the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening
47.
medulla: the inner region of the kidney
48.
nephrectasis: the distention of a kidney
49.
nephritis: an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
50.
nephrolith: a stone located in the kidney; also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone
51.
nephrolithiasis: a disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the kidney
52.
nephrolithotomy: the surgical removal of a nephrolith (kidney stone) through an incision in the kidney
53.
nephrologist: a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
54.
nephrolysis: the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
55.
nephron: a functional unit of the kidney
56.
nephropathy: any disease of the kidney including degenerative and inflammatory conditions
57.
nephropexy: the surgical fixation of a floating kidney
58.
nephroptosis: the prolapse of a kidney
59.
nephropyosis: suppuration (formation or discharge of pus) of the kidney
60.
nephrosis: any degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation
61.
nephrostomy: the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body
62.
neurogenic bladder: a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
63.
nocturia: excessive urination during the night
64.
nocturnal enuresis: urinary incontinence during sleep
65.
oliguria: scanty urination
66.
overactive bladder (OAB): occurs when the detrusor muscle in the wall of the bladder is too active
67.
paraspadias: a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis
68.
percutaneous nephrolithotomy: treatment of a kidney stone that is performed with a nephroscope inserted through a small incision in the back
69.
peritoneal dialysis: dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
70.
polycystic kidney disease: a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
71.
polyuria: excessive urination
72.
prostate gland: part of the male reproductive system and surrounds the urethra
73.
prostate-specific antigen (PSA): blood test used to screen for prostate cancer
74.
prostatectomy: the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland
75.
prostatism: the condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatis hypertrophy
76.
pyelitis: an inflammation of the renal pelvis
77.
pyelonephritis: an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney
78.
pyeloplasty: the surgical repair of the renal pelvis
79.
pyelotomy: a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
80.
renal: pertaining to the kidneys
81.
renal colic: an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a kidney stone
82.
renal cortex: the outer region of the kidney
83.
renal failure: the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions
84.
renal pelvis: the funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla
85.
renal transplantation: the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient's failed kidneys; a kidney transplant
86.
retrograde urography: a radiograph of the urinary system taken after dye has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward (backward) through the urinary tract
87.
stone: an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body; also known as a calculus
88.
stress incontinence: the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
89.
suprapubic catheterization: the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
90.
transurethral prostatectomy: the removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope
91.
trigone: the smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located between the openings of the ureter and urethra
92.
trigonitis: an inflammation of the urinary bladder that is localized in the region of the trigone
93.
urea: the major waste product of protein metabolism
94.
uremia: a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood
95.
ureterectasis: the distention of a ureter
96.
ureterectomy: the surgical removal of a ureter
97.
ureterolith: a stone located in a ureter
98.
ureteroplasty: the surgical repair of a ureter
99.
ureterorrhagia: the discharge of blood from the ureter
100.
ureterorrhaphy: the surgical suturing of a ureter
101.
ureters: two narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
102.
urethra: the tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body
103.
urethral catheterization: peformed by inserting a tube along the urethra and into the bladder
104.
urethral meatus: the external opening of the urethra
105.
urethritis: an inflammation of the urethra
106.
urethropexy: the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually for the correction of urinary stress incontinence
107.
urethrorrhagia: bleeding from the urethra
108.
urethrorrhea: an abnormal discharge from the urethra
109.
urethrostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the urethra
110.
urethrostomy: the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin
111.
urethrotomy: a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture
112.
urinalysis: the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
113.
urinary bladder: a hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body
114.
urinary hesitancy: difficulty in starting a urinary stream
115.
urinary incontinence: the inability to control the voiding of urine
116.
urinary tract infection (UTI): an infection that usually begins in the bladder but that can affect all or parts of the urinary system
117.
urination: the normal process of excreting urine
118.
urochrome: the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color
119.
urologist: a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males
120.
vesicovaginal fistula: an abnormal opening between the bladder and vaginan that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
121.
voiding cystourethrography: a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
122.
Wilms tumor: a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children
