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English Civil War civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I James I King of England (1603-1625) and of Scotland as James VI (1567-1625). The son of Mary Queen of Scots, he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England. His belief in the divine right of kings and his attempts to abolish Parliament and suppress Presbyterianism in Scotland created resentment that led to the English Civil War. Charles I King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649 "divine right" of kings the belief that the authority of kings comes directly from God Cavaliers In the English Civil War (1642-1647), these were the troops loyal to Charles II. Their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell. Roundheads A group consisting of puritans, country land owners, and town based manufacturers, led by Oliver Cromwell; fought against the Cavaliers during the English civil war Oliver Cromwell English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator. new model army The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war. Pride's Purge elements of New Model Army removed all non-Puritans and Presbyterians form Parliament leaving Rump parliament levellers radical religious revolutionaries-sought social and political reforms, a more egalitarian (equal) society. Diggers More of a fringe group, these occupied and cultivated commonlands, or lands privately owned in a general repudiation of property. Wanted communal ownership of property. Quakers English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania Interregnum the time between two reigns, governments, etc. The Protectorate This was the name of the military dictatorship that England took on during the reign of Oliver Cromwell 19 propositions new demands brought to the king, detailing more conditions and wants of parliament, attempt to transfer power from king to parliament Royalists supporters of the King during the English Civil War including wealthy landowners, Anglican clergy and Catholics Common Wealth national/state political entity founded on laws & united by a compact of the people for the common good Charles II King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-1685) who reigned during the Restoration, a period of expanding trade and colonization as well as strong opposition to Catholicism Restoration the re-establishment of the British monarchy in 1660 Claredon Code said only member of the Church of England could participate in government Magna Carta This document, signed by King John of Endland in 1215, is the cornerstone of English justice and law. It declared that the king and government were bound by the same laws as other citizens of England. It contained the antecedents of the ideas of due process and the right to a fair and speedy trial that are included in the protection offered by the U.S. Bill of Rights Parlament Cycle ... William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War. Archbishop of Canterbury the spiritual leader of the Anglican church, based in England Billeting of troops The accommodation of soldiers in civilian lodgings or public houses Habeas Corpus a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge Martial law rule by the army instead of the elected government Petition of right Document prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628; challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and declared that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land puritans Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. book of common prayer the official prayer and liturgical (worship manual) book of Anglicanism. Charles I and Laud tried to impose it upon all Protestant churches in England- many people resisted. The Scots hated it long parliment Was named this because it lasted on and off for 13 years (1640-1653) ; It's actions triggered the greatest political revolution in English History. trienial act stated that there had to be a parliament of at least 50 days duration every three years. grand remonstrance a more-than-200-article summary of popular and parliamentary grievances against the king, presented by Parliament