Clin Diagnostics Exam III - Chemistry BMP
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sbentley2889 on November 1, 2011
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 BUN levels indicate | how well liver is functioning and how well kidneys are excreting |
| critical BUN level | over 100 |
| decreased BUN in | liver disease, fluid overload, malnutrition / malabsorption, early pregnancy, nephrotic syndrome |
| increased BUN in | high protein diet, UGI bleed, steroids, tetracycline, azotemia |
| prerenal azotemia causes | hemorrhage, shock, trauma, sepsis, high protein diet, tumors, dehydration |
| causes of postrenal azotemia | urethral obstruction |
| better measure of kidney fx than BUN | serum creatinine |
| why serum creatinine would be elevated | rhabdomyolysis |
| look for prerenal cause if BUN / creatinine ratio is above | 15:1 |
| complete metabolic profile includes | basic metabolic profile and liver fx tests |
| factors that can influence metabolic profile results | hemolysis, timing, lab error |
| critical serum creatinine value | >4 |
| critical sodium values | <120 or >160 |
| importance of sodium | Major extracellular cation , maintains ECF (extra cellular fluid) volume |
| most common electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized pts | hyponatremia |
| hyponatremia is asx until sodium drops below | 125 mEq/L weakness |
| neuro sx of hyponatremia show up when levels drop below | 115 mEq/L thirst hyperreflexia |
| predominant intracellular cation | potassium |
| serum potassium depends on | aldosterone, sodium reabsorption, acid base balance |
| aldosterone's effect on K | increases renal loss of K |
| effect of sodium reabsorption on K | K lost as Na reabsorbed |
| K levels in alkalosis | hypokalemia |
| K levels in acidosis | hyperkalemia |
| EKG changes that correspond to K changes | hypoK - prolonged PR, depressed ST, prominent U, hyperK - wide qrs, peaked T |
| reasons for pseudohyperkalemia | hemolysis, tourniquet too tight, needle bore too small |
| major extracellular anion | chloride |
| chloride follows | Na (attempts to maintain electrical neutrality) |
| normal anion gap | 8 - 12 |
| anion gap calculation | AG= Na - Cl +CO2 (represents unmeasured anions, i.e. sulfate, phosphate, protein, organic acids not routinely measured) |
| majority of magnesium found in | bone (20% found in muscle) |
| hypomagnesia often seen in | alcoholics |
| sx of hypocalcemia | tetany, Chvostk's sign, trousseau's sign, muscle cramps, seizures, dysrythmias, prolonged QT |
| Chvostek's sign | tap TMJ and face twitches |
| Trousseau's Sign | reflexive hand spasm when BP cuff is pumped too high |
| glucose levels are controlled by | insulin and glucagon |
| indications of diabetes | fasting BS >126 on more than one occasion or random >200 once with clinical symptoms, GT testing >200 at 2 hours |
| Hg A1C | (screening test for diabetes) marker of glucose levels over past 3 months |
| Glucose tolerance test | not used in screening test - used in high risk individuals who are already suspected of having diabetes |
| abnormal glucose tolerance test | persistent elevated 2 hr levels (>200 mg/dL) |
| usual cause of hypoglycemia | insulin overdose |
| definition of hypoglycemia | blood sugar <50 mg/dL with symptoms |
| reason for fasting and postprandial hypoglycemia | fasting - pathological, postprandial - exaggerated insulin response |
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