Chapter 14: Psychopathology
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jennythecat on November 1, 2011
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 diathesis-stress model | the idea that you need both a preexisting propinquity for a disease and environmental triggers |
| Feeling Disorders | GAD, PTSD, OCD, Phobia, Panic Disorder, depression, mania |
| GAD | the frequent, constant feeling that something bad is going to happen that doesn't go away |
| Panic Disorder | a type of anxiety disorder in which you have repeated attacks of intense fear that something bad will occur when not expected. |
| phobia | illness having to do with fear of a very specific trigger, fear is out of proportion to objective danger, person is hyper vigilant for the trigger, usually they are universal (suggests nature programs us to fear certain things- preparedness theory); much more common in women |
| OCD | anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions) |
| PTSD | a type of anxiety disorder that can occur after you've seen or experienced a traumatic event that involved the threat of injury or death- patients relive the experience and actually believe they're in it. Experiments have shown that stress hormones released during trauma sear memories into the mind |
| Depression | a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration interfere with everyday life for a longer period of time- specific types include major, dysthemia, double, and SAD; must have genetic predisposition and 4+ stressful events; more common in women |
| Major depression | a type of depression consisting of a severely depressed mood lasting 2+ weeks, accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, sleep, and appetite disturbances |
| dysthemia depression | like major depression but less severe, this type of depression can last two or more years |
| double depression | 2+ years of moderate depression with bouts of major depression |
| SAD | recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern |
| helplessness theory | the theory that individuals prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal, global, and stable |
| bipolar disorder | an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression) |
| mania | a state of abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/ or energy levels; people don't seek help because they feel good; rarely seen on its own |
| schizophrenia | a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness; high genetic component, more common in men |
| positive symptoms of schizophrenia | delusions (grandeur, persecution, external agency), hallucinations (often auditory), disorganized speech and behavior, inappropriate affect |
| negative symptoms of schizophrenia | lack of motivation, poverty of speech, loss of pleasure, loss of initiative, loss of interest |
| stages of schizophrenia | premorbid, prodromal, psychotic, stable |
| premorbid phase | the first stage of schizophrenia categorized by cognitive motor or social deficits |
| prodromal phase | the second stage of schizophrenia categorized by brief positive symptoms and functional decline; many won't proceed after this stage; followed by first psychotic episode |
| psychotic phase | third stage of schizophrenia when positive symptoms come and go |
| stable phase | fourth stage of schizophrenia categorized by negative symptoms, decline in cognitive and social skills, functional decline |
| medical model | conceptualization of psychological disorders as diseases that, like physical diseases, have biological causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures |
| DSM-IV-TR | classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other similar problems |
| comorbidity | co-occurence of 2+ disorders in a single individual |
| dissociative disorders | conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity and/or perception; include dissociative identity disorder, dissociative future, and dissociative amnesia |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | presence within an individual of 2+ distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual's behavior, much more likely in women |
| Dissociative Amnesia | sudden loss of memory of significant personal information (like retrograde amnesia but with psychological rather than physiological cause) |
| Dissociative Fugue | reversible amnesia for personal identity, including the memories, personality and other identifying characteristics of individuality |
| types of schizophrenia | paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferential, residual |
| paranoid schizophrenia | a type of schizophrenia that is preoccupied with delusions and hallucinations |
| catatonic schizophrenia | a type of schizophrenia containing alternating periods of extreme withdrawal and extreme excitement |
| disorganized schizophrenia | a type of schizophrenia with disorganized speech and behavior, flat and inappropriate emotion |
| undifferential schizophrenia | a type of schizophrenia that can't easily fit into one of the three defined categories |
| residual schizophrenia | a type of schizophrenia where people are recovering from a schizophrenic episode but have lingering symptoms |
| biological causes of schizophrenia | highly correlated with genetics, dopamine hypothesis |
| personality disorders | disorders characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning |
| three types of personality disorders | odd/eccentric; dramatic/erratic; anxious/inhibited |
| Antisocial Personality disorder (APD) | pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in early childhood/adolescence and continues into adulthood |
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