Chapter 2 Solids,Liquids & Gases Test Study Guide
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Solid | A state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume |
| Crystalline solids | a solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern-melts at a specific temp |
| Amorphous solid | A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern--does not melt at a distinct temp. |
| Amorphous solid examples | rubber, plastic, glass,butter |
| Crystalline solids examples | salt,sugar,snow,quartz |
| Liquid | a state of matter in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume |
| Fluid | a substance that flows |
| Surface tension | the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together |
| Viscosity | a liquid's resistance to flow |
| Gas | a state matter that does not have a definite shape or volume |
| Melting | The change in state from a solid to a liquid |
| Melting point | The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the same as the freezing point, or temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid-- water melts at 0ºc |
| Freezing | the change of state from a liquid to a solid |
| Vaporization | The change of state from a liquid to a gas |
| Evaporation | the process that occurs when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid |
| Boiling | The process that occurs when vaporization takes place inside a liquid as well as on the surface |
| Boiling point | The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas; the same as the condensation point, or temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid |
| Condensation | The change of state from a gas to a liquid(opposite of vaporization) |
| Sublimation | The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state |
| Pressure | the force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface |
| Boyle's Law | The relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperture |
| Rule of Boyle's Law | when volume +, pressure - when volume -,pressure + |
| Charle's Law | a principle that describes the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure |
| Rule of Charle's Law | When temp + , vol. + When temp - , vol - |
| Graph | a diagram that shows how two variables are related |
| Origin | point (0,0) on a graph |
| Directly Proportional | a term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph is a straight line passing through the point (0,0) |
| Vary Inversely | a term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph forms a curve that slopes downward |
| The greater the speed of the particles in a container, the ___________ the preasure | Greater |
| The state of matter that changes in volume most easily | Gas |
| Boyle's Law on a Graph | Vary Inversely(curved) ManipulatedVariable(x)--Volume(mL,L,cm3..) Responding Variable(y)--Pressure(kPa) Temp is kept constant |
| Charle's Law on a Graph | Directly Proportional(straight) Manipulated Variable(x)--Temp(K) Responding Variable(y)--Volume(mL,L,cm3....) Pressure is kept constant |
| Curved Graph | Vary Inversely |
| Straight Graph | Directly Proportional |
| Pressure Formula | P=F/A |
| Melting Point Particles | particles of the solid are moving or vibration so fast that they break free from their fixed position |
| Freezing Point Particles | particles of the liquid are moving so slow that they begin to start to form regular patterns |
| Boiling Point Particles | vaporized water molecules form bubbles bellow the surface and then start to rise to the surface |
| Condensation Particles | when particles in a gas lose enough thermal NRG to form a liquid |
| Sublimation Particles | particles of a solid dont pass through the liquid state as they form the gas |
| Variables That Gases Are Related/Measured are... | Volume,Pressure,Temp. |
| Why do tires explode | the temp + there fore the pressure + |
| How does a Hot Air Balloon Descend/Rise | When the air cools the air becomes more dense. to rise the air is heated and air becomes less dense. |
| Particles of a solid | fixed,closely packed arrangement of the particles |
| Particles of a Liquid | are free to move |
| Particles of a Gas | spread apart filling the space available--in a constant motion |
| Freezing point | the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid-- water freezes at 0ºc |
| Thermal energy | The total energy of all of the particles in an object |
| As particles move faster the | thermal NRG rises |
| Volume | The amount of space that matter occupies |
| Temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| Low viscosity | Low resistance to flow |
| Examples of Low viscosity | water,oil,milk,juice |
| High viscosity | high resistance to flow |
| Examples of High viscosity | honey, syrup, glue,molasses |
| Concentration | the number of particles in a given unit of vol |
| Why does air leak out of a basketball even though its a small hole | higher pressure in the ball results in gas particles hitting the inter surface more often so particles inside reach the hole more often exasape therefore the pressure inside the ball drops until = to the outside pressure |
| Examples of sublimation | dry ice,solid air freshener |
| Solid to liquid to gas | gaining thermal NRG each time (slow,faster,fastest particle speed) |
| Solid to gas and liquid to gas | thermal NRG gained |
| Gas to liquid and liquid to solid | thermal NRG lost |
| Party balloon in a high temp the volume __________ | increases |
| A balloon will _____ if left out in the hot air after being filled all the way | pop,explode |
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