Medical Terminology, Chap 8
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Created by:
Lefty66 on February 28, 2009
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Description:
Medical Terminology, Chapter 8 word parts and terms
Classes:
Medical Terminology, Milan AMA, Milian AMA
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238 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 aer/o | air |
| an/o | anus |
| cheil/o | lips |
| cholangi/o | bile duct |
| chole | bile or gall |
| choleang/o | bile duct |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| cirrh | yellow or orange |
| col/o, colon/o | colon |
| diverticul/o | diverticulum |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv | gums |
| halit | breath |
| hemorrhoid | piles |
| hepat/o | liver |
| hiat | opening |
| ile | ileum or small intestine |
| intestin/o | intestine |
| -ism | condition |
| -ist | specialist |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| metabol | change |
| -occult | hidden |
| odont/i | teeth |
| orth- | straight or normal |
| palat/o | palate |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pept/o, -pepsia | digestion |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| -phagia | swallowing |
| proct/o, rect/o | rectum |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| steat/o | fat |
| stomat/o | mouth or oral cavity |
| xer/o | dry |
| abdominal computed tomography (CT) | a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen |
| abdominal ultrasound | a noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves |
| absorption | the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body |
| acid reducers | decrease the amound of acid produced by the stomach |
| acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) | caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth |
| aerophagia | the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach |
| amebic dysentery | an intestinal disorder caused by a parasite |
| anabolism | the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients |
| anal fissure | a small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that cau cause severe pain during a bowel movement |
| anastomosis | a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures |
| anorexia | the loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance |
| anoscoopy | the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum |
| antacids | neutralize the acids in the stomach |
| antiemetic | a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting |
| anus | the lower opening of the digestive tract |
| aphthous ulcers | grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers |
| ascending colon | travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver |
| ascites | an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| bariatric surgery | performed to treat morbid obesity to restricting the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested |
| bariatrics | the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
| bile | a digestive juice secreted by the liver |
| biliary tree | provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine |
| bilirubin | the pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin |
| body mass index (BMI) | a number that shows body weight adjusted for height |
| bolus | a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed |
| borborygmus | the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine |
| botulism | food poisoning characterized by paralysis and often death; caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum |
| bowel incontinence | the inability to control the excretion of feces |
| bruxism | the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting |
| cachexia | a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS |
| capsule endoscopy | a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows |
| catabolism | the breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide |
| cecum | a pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen |
| cheilosis | a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth |
| cholangiography | a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium |
| cholangitis | an acute infection of the bile duct |
| cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| cholecystectomy | the surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| cholecystic | pertaining to the gallbladder |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones |
| choledocholithotomy | an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones |
| cholelithiasis | the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| cholera | severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera |
| chyme | the semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach, through the pyloric sphincter, and into the small intestine |
| cirrhosis | a progressive degenerative disease of the liver |
| cleft lip | a birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose as a result of the failure of this portion of the lip to close during prenatal development |
| cleft palate | the failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus |
| colectomy | the surgical removal of all, or part of, the colon |
| colon | the longest portion of the large intestine |
| colonoscopy | the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
| colorectal carcinoma | colon cancer |
| colostomy | the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface |
| constipation | having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week |
| Crohn's disease | a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon |
| defecation | the evacuation or emptying of the large intestine |
| dehydration | a condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body's normal electrolyte balance |
| dental calculus | dental plaque that has calcified (hardened) on the teeth |
| dental caries | an infectious disease caused by bacteria that destroy the enamel and dentin of the tooth; also known as tooth decay or a cavity |
| dental plaque | forms as soft deposits in sheltered areas near the gums and between the teeth |
| dentalprophylaxis | the professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus |
| dentist | specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity |
| dentition | refers to the natural teeth arranged in the upper and lower jaws |
| descending colon | travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon |
| diarrhea | an abnormal frequent flow of loose or watery stools that can lead to dehydration |
| digestion | the process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use |
| diverticulectomy | the surgical removal of a diverticulum |
| diverticulitis | the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon |
| diverticulosis | the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon |
| duodenum | the first portion of the small intestine; extends from the pylorus to the jejunum |
| dyspepsia | pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| edentulous | without teeth |
| emesis | the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth; also known as vomiting |
| endoscope | an instrument used for visual examination of internal structures |
| enema | the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity |
| enteritis | an inflammation of the small intesting caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens |
| epiglottis | a lid-like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx during swallowing |
| eructation | the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach |
| esophageal varices | enlarged and swollen veinsn at the lower end of the esophagus |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | an endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum |
| esophagus | the muscular tube through which ingested food passes from the pharynx to the stomach |
| feces | solid body wastes expelled through the rectum and anus |
| flatulence | the passage of gas out of the body through the rectum |
| gallbladder | a pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver |
| gallstone | a hard deposit formed in the gallbladder and bile ducts due to the concretion of bile components |
| gastrectomy | the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach |
| gastritis | a common inflammation of the stomach lining |
| gastroduodenostomy | the removal of the pylorus of the stomach and the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum |
| gastroenteritis | an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the stomach and intestines |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus |
| gastrointestinal tract | the structures of the digestive system |
| gastrorrhea | the excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucous in the stomach |
| gastrostomy tube | a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach |
| gingiva | the specialized mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth, covers the bone of the dental arches, and lines the cheeks; also known as the gums |
| gingivectomy | the surgical removal or diseased gingival tissue |
| gingivitis | the earliest stage of periodontal disease, and the inflammation affects only the gums |
| halitosis | an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth that can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders; also known as bad breath |
| hard palate | the bony anterior portion of the palate that is covered with specialized mucous membrane |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hemoccult test | a lab test for hidden blood in the stools |
| hemorrhoidectomy | the surgical removal of hemorrhoids |
| hemorrhoids | occur when a cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening |
| hepatectomy | the surgical removal of all or part of the liver |
| hepatitis | an inflammation of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | the abnormal enlargement of the liver |
| hepatorrhaphy | surgical suturing of the liver |
| herpes labialis | blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters |
| hiatal hernia | a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm |
| hyperemesis | extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration |
| ileectomy | the surgical removal of the ileum |
| ileocecal sphincter | the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine |
| ileostomy | the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall |
| ileum | the last and longest portion of the small intestine; extends from the jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine |
| ileus | the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine |
| inflammatory bowel disease | the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines |
| inguinal hernia | the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin |
| internist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems |
| intestinal obstruction | the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intesting caused by a physical obstruction |
| intussusceptions | the telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part |
| irritable bowel syndrome | a common condition of unknown cause with symptoms that can include intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea |
| jaundice | a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes |
| jejunum | the middle portion of the small intestine; extends from the duodenum to the ileum |
| large intestine | extends from the small end of the small intestine to the anus |
| laxatives | medications or foods given to stimulate bowel movements |
| lips | form the opening to the oral cavity |
| liver | a large organ located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen |
| liver transplant | an option for a patient whose liver has failed for a reason other than liver cancer |
| lower esophageal sphincter | a muscular ring that controls the flow between the esophagus and stomach |
| malabsorption | a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it |
| malnutrition | a lack of proper food or nutrients in the body due to a shortage of food, poor eating habits, or the inability of the body to digest, absorb, and distribute these nutrients |
| malocclusion | any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth |
| mastication | chewing; breaks food down into smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva, and prepares it to be swallowed |
| maxillofacial surgery | specialized surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries |
| melena | the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools |
| metabolism | includes all of the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients |
| morbid obesity | the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight; also known as clinically severe obesity |
| nasogastric intubation | the placementof a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach |
| nausea | the urge to vomit |
| nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | describes a range of conditions characterized by an accumulation of fat within the liver that affect people who drink little or no alcohol |
| nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) | consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation |
| obesity | an excessive accumulation of fat in the body |
| occlusion | describes any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth |
| oral cavity | contains the lips, hard and soft palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and the periodontium |
| oral rehydration therapy (ORT) | a treatment in which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract the dehydration that can accompany severe diarrhea |
| oral thrush | develops when the fungus Candida albicans grows out of control |
| orthodontist | a dental specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures |
| ostomy | a surgical procedure to create an articial opening between an organ and the body surface |
| palate | forms the roof of the mouth |
| palatoplasty | surgical repair of a cleft lip and/or palate |
| pancreas | a soft, 6 inch long oblong gland that is located behind the stomach |
| papillae | small bumps found on the upper surface of the tongue |
| peptic ulcers | sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system |
| periodontal disease | an inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth |
| periodontist | a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth |
| periodontium | consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth |
| peristalsis | a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction |
| permanent dentition | consists of 32 teeth that are designed to last a lifetime |
| pharynx | the common passageway for both respiration and digestion |
| pica | an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint, or clay that lasts for at least 1 month |
| primary dentition | consists of 20 teeth that are normally lost during childhood and are replaced by the permanent teeth |
| proctectomy | the surgical removal of the rectum |
| proctologist | a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus |
| proctopexy | the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ |
| proctoplasty | the surgical repair of the rectum |
| pyloric sphincter | the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine |
| pylorus | the narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine |
| pyrosis | the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus; also known as heartburn |
| rectum | the widest division of the large intestine |
| regurgitation | the return of swallowed food into the mouth |
| rugae | the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach |
| saliva | a colorless liquid that moistens the mouth, begins the digestive process, and lubricates food during chewing and swallowing |
| salivary glands | secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth |
| salmonellosis | an infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces |
| sigmoid colon | an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the rectum below |
| sigmoidoscopy | the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon |
| small intestine | a coiled organ up to 20 feet in length that extends from the pyloric sphincter to the first part of the large intestine |
| soft palate | the flexible posterior portion of the palate |
| steatosis | characterized by accumulations of fat within the liver that usually does not cause liver damage |
| stomach | a sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body, and antrum |
| stomatomycosis | any disease of the mouth due to a fungus |
| stomatoplasty | the surgical repair of the mouth |
| stomatorrhagia | bleeding from any part of the mouth |
| stool samples | specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics |
| strangulated hernia | occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off |
| temporomandibular disorder | part of the group of complex symptoms that include pain, headache, or difficulty in chewing athat are related to the functioning of the temporomandibular joint |
| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | formed at the back of the mouth where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together |
| total parenteral nutrition | administered to patients who cannot, or should not, get their nutrition through eating |
| transverse colon | passes horizontally from right to left toward the spleen |
| trismus | any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer |
| ulcerative colitis | a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation |
| upper and lower GI series | radiographic studies to examine the digestive system |
| uvula | hangs from the free edge of the soft palate |
| vermiform appendix | hangs from the lower portion of the cecum |
| villi | finger-like projections that cover the mucosa that lines the small intestine |
| volvulus | the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction |
| xerostomia | the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth |
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