S.S. Chapt 2 lesson 3
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What was life like in the Middle Kingdom? | It was a golden age of peace, prosperity, stability and achievement in arts and architecture. |
| What important events happened in the New Kingdom? | Egypt acquired new territory and reached the height of its power. |
| How did the architecture change in the Middle Kingdom? | Instead of building pyramids, pharaohs had their tomb cut into cliffs. |
| Restore | bring back into original existence, use, function, or position |
| Maintain | To keep control over a situation. |
| Construct | Build or put together |
| Tribute | Forced payments (from the conquered people to the Egyptian pharaoh). |
| What were the major accomplishments of Ramses II? | He ruled for 66 years, regained lands and ordered 7 major temples. |
| Where is Thebes located? | South of Memphsis |
| Who is Ahmose and why is he important? | He lead an uprising against the Hykos and drove them out of Egypt. His reign began the New Kingdom. |
| What advances in art were made in the Middle Kingdom? | Painters covered the walls of tombs and temples with colorful scenes of deities and daily life. Sculptors created large wall carvings. Poets wrote love songs. |
| Describe Egyptian trade during the rule of Hatshepsut. | Trade and Egypt's economy was expanded to Africa, Asia, and throughout the eastern Mediterranean. Egyptians traded wheat, paper, gold, copper and tools for wood, furniture, ebony, ivory, incense ad myrrh. |
| What physical feature makes up much of the eastern border of the Middle Kingdom? | The Red Sea. |
| Why did ancient Egyptians first value cats? | Because the cats protected the village's grain supplies from mice and rats. Over hundreds of years, cats became tame and them became adored family pets. |
| With what goddess did the ancient Egyptians associate cats? | They were associated with the goddess Bastet. She represented motherhood, grace and beauty. She often appears in paintings and statues as a woman with the head of a cat. |
| Why was the discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb so important? | Because his tomb was a rare find and King Tut was discovered along with all his treasures. Most royal tombs in Egypt were looted by robbers long ago. |
| Who were the Hyskos? | People from western Asia who attacked Egypt as the Middle Kingdom came to an end. They were mighty warriors who used horse-drawn chariots and used weapons made of bronze and iron. They ruled Egypt for about 120 years. They were driven out by Ahmose. |
| What purposes did temples serve in Egypt? | Temples were houses dedicated to the gods and goddesses. Religious services were not held in the temples, but priests and priestesses preformed daily rituals for the deities. The temples also served as banks. Egyptians stored valuale items like gold jewelry, fine cloth and sweet-smelling oils there. |
| Why was the reign of Hatsheput considered unusual? | Because the position of pharaoh usually passed from father to son not husband to wife. She had to prove herself a good leader. |
| How did Akhenaton upset the traditional order in Egypt? | He introduced a new religion to remove power from the priests and priestess. One that swept away the old gods and goddesses and focused on only one god. When the priests resisted, he removed them from their positions and took their lands and closed temples. Many Egyptians saw this as an attack on Egypt itself and refused to accept Aton as the only god. |
| Describe the similarities and differences between Hatsheput and Ramses II. | ... |
| Why did Egyptian rules lose control of their empire? | Pharaohs after Ramses II had trouble keeping neighboring counties under Egyptian control. Egypt was attacked by enemies with stronger weapons which contain iron ore. |
| Why is Ramses II important? | He was a great warrior and experienced leader. He restored Egyptian power in Asia through warfare. He defeated forces in Syria and battled long time enemies, the Hittites. His prosperity allowed him to rebuild the damages Sphinx, complete the Temple of Karnak and built himself a city with four temples, beautiful gardens and orchards. He is famous for the temple at Abu Simbel which is carved out of solid rock and has four huge statues of himself. |
| What were the achievements of Thutmose III? | He expanded Egypt's borders north to the Euphrates River, south to regain control of Nubia. His empire grew rich from trade and tribute. Conquered valuable and enslaved prisoners of war. Captives were put to work rebuilding Thebes and temples, palaces and monuments. |
| What effect did Akhenaton devotion to one god have on Egypt? | He was so devoted to his new religion that he neglected his duties as pharaoh. He took no action against the Hittites when they attacked Egypt and lost most of the lands in western Asia which greatly shrunk the empire. |
| Who was the "boy king"? | King Tutankhamen. He became pharaoh at 10 and ruled for 9 years then died unexpectedly. |
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