| Term | Definition |
|---|
| The American System - What did it say? Who wrote it? Explain each part. | Henry Clay wrote it. It had three important parts: A. Build up transportation and trade system by building new roads and canals. B. Put a protective tariff on goods coming into the U.S. so people will buy American goods C. Charter the second National Bank to give us a sound economic system |
| Cumberland Road - National Road (same thing) | First road build with government funds. Connected east and west and went from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois. |
| Rush-Bagot Treaty | With Great Britain. Disarmed the Great Lakes (no more weapons, warships, etc. on the Great Lakes). |
| Convention of 1818 | With Great Britain. A) Joint occupation of the Oregon Territory between Great Britain and U.S. B) Set boundary between Canada and U.S. at the 49th parallel. |
| Adams - Onis Treaty | With Spain. A) We got all Florida. B) U.S. gave up claims to parts of Spanish Texas and agreed to pay $5 million to American citizens owed to them by Spain. C) Agreed on border between Spain and American lands from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Cornerstone of our foreign policy, 1823, under James Monroe. A) Russia is not to come below Alaska to the west coast of America to try to colonize. B) European countries - keep out of the Western Hemisphere. Do NOT try to colonize in the Americas. C) The U.S. will stay of European affairs. |
| Sectionalism, Nationalism | Sectionalism: when you care more about your section of the country than for the whole U.S. Nationalism: a tremendous feeling of pride for one's country. |
| Election of 1824 | First time sectionalism came about in a presidential election. A) John C. Calhoun and William Crawford - South. B) Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay - West. C) John Quincy Adams - North **No one received a majority, so the election went to the House of Rep. **John Quincy Adams won. |
| Corrupt Bargain | Henry Clay dropped of the election, and he got his followers to vote for John Quincy Adams. When John Q. Adams was elected, he appointed Henry Clay to be Secretary of State. A lot of people thought it was a set up, and it caused a big scandal. IMPORTANCE: Because of this scandal, John Q. Adams will loose the Election of 1828. |
| Election of 1828 | Andrew Jackson v. John Quincy Adams. Andrew Jackson wins. One of the dirtiest campaigns in American History. |
| Era of Good Feelings | James Monroe's two terms as presidents |
| The Great Triumvirate | Henry Clay from Kentucky (represented the West), John C. Calhoun from South Carolina (represented the South, Daniel Webster from Massachussetts (represented the North). **Guided Congress for almost 50 years. * In the Senates. |
| Tariff | A tax on goods coming into the United States. More people will buy American goods. |
| What did Andrew Jackson believed? | Believed in the: A) Power of people. B) Power of president. C) Power of the federal government over the states. |
| How did voting rights change? | Caucuses became conventions which included more people in the selection process for the candidates. Some states (especially the western ones) did away with religious, literacy, and land requirements. |
| Who couldn't vote? | Blacks, Native -Americans, women. |
| What about Jackson and the veto? | AJ vetoed more bills (12) than any of the six presidents combined before him. |
| Tariff of 1828 -- the Tariff of Abominations | High tariff that the South hated |
| Exposition and Protest | John C. Calhoun wrote this in protest to the Tariff of 1828. In it, he said that a state should be able to nullify a federal law (The Tariff of 1828) |
| John C. Calhoun -- What did he believe? What did he do? | Believe in states' rights and nullification. Resigned from the office of vice-president because on his conflicts with Andrew Jackson. |
| Jackson's inauguration | It was a brawl. All the frontiersmen came, and they had to "body surf" Andrew Jackson out of the White House. It became wild and unruly. |
| Null and void/nullification | States no longer had to follow a law passed by Congress and signed by the president into law. States could declare a law unconstitutional. |
| Webster-Hayne Debates | A famous debate in the Senate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina about who had more power, the states or the federal government. 1830 |
| Jefferson Day Dinner | The dinner where Jackson announced by his toast that he believed that the federal government should have more power than the states. Further increased the hatred between Calhoun and Jackson. After this event, Calhoun ran for the Senate from South Carolina (and was elected) and resigned the vice-presidency. |
| Force Bill | A law passed by Congress when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over the Tariff of 1832. Congress gave permission for Jackson to used armed forces to uphold the federal law. South Carolina backs down. |
| Sequoya | Famous Native-American from the Cherokee. Invented the Cherokee alphabet. |
| Osceola and the Seminoles | Famous Native-America chief of the Seminole tribe in Florida. American soldiers could not capture him until he was tricked into surrendering. Died in prison from malaria. Even the whites were upset about the trickery used to capture him. His head was embalmed and is in the anthropology section of the Smithsonian Museum. |
| Jackson and the National Bank | AJ thought it was a toll of the rich and was determined to smash it. Vetoed the rechartering of it in 1832 and took all of the funds from the National Bank and put them in state banks (pet banks). Caused the Depression of 1837. |
| Indian Removal Act and Andrew Jackson | AJ called for the Native-Americans east of the Mississippi to move to lands set aside for them west of the Mississippi -- worthless land |
| The Trail of Tears | Native-Americans (particularly the Cherokee in Georgia and Tennessee) were forcibly removed from their land and make to march in the winter to reservations in Oklahoma. Over 4000 died out of the 16,000 who were forced to go. One of the great tragedies in American History. |
| Election of 1836 and Martin Van Buren | Martin Van Buren, Andrew Jackson's former vice-president was elected |
| Panic of 1837 | This was the depression caused by Jackson's financial policies, but it occurred during Van Buren's term, and he was blamed for it. Lost the Election of 1840 because of the Depression. |
| Depression | When the economy slows down, and people lose jobs and money. |
| Election of 1840 -- Who ran? What parties? Platform? Importance? | William Henry Harrison v. Martin Van Buren was a democrat: Harrison was a Whig. Whigs had no platform. Harrison won because he never said what he believed in. It was the first modern campaign because they used gimmicks and slogans. |
| "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" | Harrison's campaign slogan in the Election of 1840. Tippecanoe was the battle in which he defeated the Native-Americans, and Tyler was the man who ran with him as vice-president. |
| The Great Compromiser | Henry Clay |
| Suffrage | The right to vote. |
| Caucus | Small group who nominate people to run for political office. Not democratic. |
| Who said the following: A) "Our Federal Union; it must be preserved!" B) :The Union, next to OUR liberty, is most dear." C) "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." | A) Andrew Jackson B) John C. Calhoun C) Daniel Webster |
| Spoils System | A system used by winners in political races in which the winners put the people supported them into government jobs. Importance -- Brought about more democracy in government because more people had a chance to be involved. |
| Log cabin campaign | A campaign to show the laborers and farmers that the candidate was a man of the people. |
| Whigs | Political party opposed to Andrew Jackson, his followers, and their policies. |
| John Tyler | First vice-president to gain the presidency because the elected president died in office. Vetoed many bills supporting Whigs. Lack a party loyalty outraged Whigs, and all of his cabinet resigned. Ineffective president. |
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