| Term | Definition |
| Latent Learning | learning has occured but does not manifest until reward is introduced |
| Contrast Effects | the enhancement or diminishment relative to normal, of perception, cognition and related performance as result of immediately previous or simultaneous exposure to a stimulus of lesser or greater value |
| Negative Contrast Effect | lessened response from being shifted from large reward to smaller reward |
| Positive Contrast Effect | response increases due to shifting from smal to large reward |
| Incentive Motivational View | deprivation enhances incentive value rather than energising behaviour directly |
| Alliesthesia | hunger makes food a better incentive, thirst makes water a better incentive |
| Hedonic Value | reflects how much the animal likes reward |
| Instrumental Incentive Value | how much an animal is willing to work for the reward |
| Lang's Affect Modulation Theory | CS+ or CS- will have greater effects if you are in a positive or negative mood respectively |
| Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) | classically conditioned stimuli associated with food evoke central emotional response which then affect subsequent behaviour |