4 (biology) ch.21&22
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Created by:
hollywaysuperstar3666 on February 28, 2009
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87 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| chitin |  Complex carbohydrate that is main component of fungi cell walls. |
| Fungi | eukaryotic heterotrphs that have cell walls |
| hyphae | tiny filament that makes up a multicellular fungus or a water mold |
| bodies of multicellular fungi | are composed of many hyphae tangled together into thick mass called mycelium |
| mycelium | suited to absorb food because it permits a large surface area |
| Most Fungi | reproduce asexually and sexually |
| sporangia | Spore producing structure |
| sporangiophores | Specialized hyphae that look like upright stalks |
| zygomycetes | life cycles that include zygospore |
| zygospore | resting spore that contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase of the mold's life cycle |
| rhizopus stolonifer | familiar zygomycete |
| rhizoids | root like hypae that penetrates the bread's surface |
| stolons | Stemlike hyphae that runs along the surface of the food source |
| gametangia | Gamete producing structure in fungi |
| phylum ascomycota | named for the ascus reproductive structure that contains spores |
| conidia | asexual spores produced at tips of hyphae |
| ascus | forms within the fruiting body and 2 nuclei of different mating types fuse to form a diploid zygote |
| ascospores | eight cells produced when meiosis is followed by a cycle of mitosis |
| budding | Asexual reproductive process in yeasts |
| saccharomyces | sugar fungi |
| phylum basisdiomycota | (club fungi) specialized reproductive structure that resembles a club |
| basidium | Spore-bearing structure in club fungi |
| basidiospores | Haploid spores formed in basidium |
| deuteromycota | an extremely varied phylum |
| penicillium notatum | grows on fruit, reproduces asexually, evoled from ascomycete |
| saprobes | Organism that obtain food from decaying organic matter, all fungi are this |
| pleurotus ostreatus | carnivorous fungi lives inside trees |
| parasitic fungi | cause serious plant and animal diesases |
| fungal disease in plants | wheat rust |
| fungal disease in human | athletes foot |
| candida albicans | yeast, may produce thrush |
| some fungi | form symbiotic relationships. |
| lichens | Symbiotic organism between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism |
| mycorrhizae | Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi. |
| plants are made of | eukaryoted that have cell made of cellulose. carry out photosynthesis. |
| sporophyte | the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations |
| gametophyte | the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations |
| plants NEED | sunlight,water, minerals, gas exchange, transport water. |
| first plants | evolved from an organism much like the multicellular green algae living today |
| plants are classified by | DNA sequences |
| bryophytes | nonvascular plants that absorb water through diffusion |
| bryophtes life cycle | depends on water, also lacks vassuclar tissuse |
| 3 types of bryophtes | mosses, liveworts, hornworts |
| rhizoids | the thin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant |
| gemmae | small multi-cellular reproductive structure of liverworts |
| hornworts | flattened with long horn like sporophytes |
| gametophyte | dominant, reconizable stage of the life cycle, carries photosynthesis, (bryophytes) |
| protonema | mass of tangled green filaments in mosses that forms during germination |
| antheridia | plant structure that produces sperm |
| archegonia | female gametangia (pruduecs egg) |
| sphagnum | mosses are goup of mosses thrive on water bogs |
| vascular tissue | tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants |
| tracheids | A long, skinny type of xylem found in all vascular plants.(first vasucale plants) |
| xylem | Vascular subsystem that carries water upward. |
| phloem | the tissue that moves food/sugar |
| lignin | substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid |
| seedless vascular plants | club mosses, hprsetails, ferns |
| roots | Absorbs water and minerals from the ground. Anchors plant in ground. |
| leaves | The main photosynthetic organs of vascular plants. |
| veins | A vascular bundle in a leaf. |
| stems | Supprots leaves and connects to roots with vascular tissure |
| lycopodium | common club mosses |
| equisetum | grows a meter tall, true eaves, horsetail |
| rhizomes | underground stems of plant such as ferns |
| fronds | fern leaves |
| sporangia | structure, on some fungi, that produces spores |
| sori | clusters of reproductive cells on the underside of a frond |
| gymosperms | Naked seed |
| angiosperms | A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. |
| cones | Seed bearing structures in Gymnosperms. |
| flowers | Seed bearing structures in Angiosperms. |
| pollen grain | structure produced by male reproductive organs of a seed plant |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant |
| seed | the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract |
| embryo | Earliest stages in the development of an organism |
| seed coat | the protective covering for the seed |
| gnetophytes | have both gymnosperm and angiosperm characteristics |
| cycads | evergreen palms with cones |
| ginkgoes | Has only survived for ornamentation, few make it in the wild, can survive with limited water and air pollution |
| conifers | cone-bearing plants |
| fruit | Ovary walls of angiosperm seeds, encases developing seeds for protection. |
| monocots | seed plant with 1 cotyledon |
| dicotos | 2 seed leaves |
| cotyledon | a seed leaf inside a leaf |
| annuals | A flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single year or growing season. |
| biennails | complete life cycles in two years |
| perennials | live more then two years |
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