| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Peter | First Pope |
| Paul | Apostle, went on many journies to convert people |
| Jerome | Translated Testament and Psalms into Latin |
| Augustine | Fell into sin, but studied and had a conversion experience |
| Leo I (The Great) | Transformed the Papacy from spiritual leader to world diplomat and spiritual leader |
| Stephen | First Christian martyr |
| Antony of Egypt | Lived in Egypt as a hermit |
| Basil | Recognized that the practices of monastic life should not be determined by ideas that would lead to holiness |
| Ambrose | People came to him to be baptized, became bishop and mentor to Augustine |
| Justin | Born to non-Christian parents, started a school and studied philosophies and was killed for refusing to worship an idol |
| Constantine | Built many churches, won a war by putting the symbol of God on his army's shields |
| Theodosius | Assigned to do public penance by Ambrose, Emperor who made Christianity the offical religion of the Roman Empire and persecuted pagans |
| John Tetzel | Dominican Friar who was famous for selling indulgences |
| Martin Luther | Belived that the bible is the sole authority in the life of a Christian, and that indulgences were bad, his actions began the Protestant Reformation |
| John Calvin | His theocracy in Geneva was no fun |
| Henry VIII | Broke from the Roman church to divorce his wife |
| Gregory I (The Great) | Helped reform the church, started a form of prayer called the Gregorian Chant |
| Thomas Aquinas | Wrote "Summa Theologies" and was nicknamed "Dumbox" |
| Johann Gutenberg | Invented the printing press, making Bibles more availible to people |
| Teresa of Avila | Spanish religious leader |
| Patrick | Used a shamrock to explain the trinity as he spread Christianity in Ireland |
| Benedict of Nursia | Founded Western Christian monastic communities |
| Charlemagne | First Holy Roman Emperor who defeated the Saxons for their territory, uniting a big portion of Europe |
| Cyril and Methodius | "Apostles to the Slavs" Created an alphabet for the Slavic people |
| Vincent de Paul | Founded the Ladies of Charity |
| John Baptist de La Salle | Founded the Brothers of the Christian Schools |
| Galileo | Saw the discoveries of science as compatible with religious truth |
| Pius X | Pope who wanted children to recieve communion at a younger age |
| Pius XI | Spoke out against communism because it discriminated against Christians |
| Pius XII | Faced dilema on how to resist Hitler while keeping Christians safe (he chose neutrality) |
| Benedict XV | Exhausted the Vatican's resources granting aid to the victims of the war during WWI |
| Edith Stein | Born to a Jewish family, she converted to Catholicism and was tortured and executed by Auschwitz |
| Maxillian Kolbe | Priest who traded his life for a man who had a family |
| The Way | New revolution of the Catholic faith |
| Pentecost | Considered the birthday of the Church |
| Antioch | First Christian Community of Jews and Gentiles |
| Catholic | Supporting Catholicism |
| Apostates | People who had renounced their faith |
| Heresy | Beliefs that are contrary to some essential belief of the faith |
| Monasticism | The movement of men and women away from the world to pursue holiness in the wilderness |
| Original Sin | Humanity's state of sin resulting from the Fall of Man |
| Martyrdom | Suffering of death on account of adherence to a cause and especially to one's religious faith |
| House Churches | Where Eucharistic worship took place in the early days |
| Gnosticism | Belief that all material things were evil, Jesus' body was the only apparition |
| Arianism | Heretical doctrine taught by Arius that asserted the radical primacy of the Father over the Son |
| Hermits | Lived alone in pursuit of holiness |
| Rome | Home of the Roman Catholic Church, Capital city of Italy |
| Gentiles | Non-Jews |
| Apostles | Followers associated most closely with Jesus |
| Gregorian Chant | Chant invented by Gregory |
| Ninety Five Theses | Martin Luther's statement of principle's regarding penance and the abuse of indulgences |
| Augsburg Confession | Document composed by Philip Melanchton |
| Act of Supremacy | Granted King Henry VIII Royal Supremacy |
| Industrial Revolution | The transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation |
| Rationalism | View that the universe is ordered and competely reasonable and can be explained by science |
| Darwinism | A theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection |
| Secularism | Exclusion of religious meaning from the affairs of life |
| Capitalism | Means of production is privately owned and operated by a few for profit |
| Communism | Political ideology that promotes the establishment of a classless, stateless society based on one individual's control |
| John Cretin | First bishop of the diocese |
| Father Hennepin | First priest to come to Minnesota |
| Monastaries | The centers of stability, scholarship and learning during the upheaval in the West, which led to the Middle Ages |
| Hierarchy | Before Vatican II, most of the authority was help by the _____________ |
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