Ch7 set1 org, impulse, reflex
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord |
| spinal nerves | carry impulses to and from spinal cord |
| cranial nerves | carry impulses to and from brain |
| sensory (afferent) neurons | carry impulses to CNS (integration center) |
| motor (efferent) neurons | carry impulses away from CNS to organs (effector) |
| sensory receptor | responds to stimulus |
| somatic nervous system | voluntary control (skeletal muscles) |
| autonomic nervous system | involuntary control (smooth and cardiac muscles) |
| astrocytes | provides neurons with nutrients |
| microglial | cleans up debris in and around neuron |
| ependymal cells | keeps cerebrospinal fluid moving & cushions CNS |
| oligodendrocytes | produces myelin sheath in CNS |
| satellite cells | protects and cushions cell bodies in PNS |
| Schwann Cells | forms myelin sheath in PNS |
| Nissl substance | rough ER |
| neurofibrils | maintain shape of cell body |
| dendrites | carries impulses TO cell body |
| axons | carries impulses AWAY from cell body |
| axon terminals | storage of neurotransmitters |
| synaptic cleft | gap between neurons |
| nodes of Ranvier | gaps between Schwann cells |
| cutaneous sense organs | sense receptors for pain, temperature, pressure (in the skin) |
| proprioceptors | sense receptors that detect stretch or tension (in muscles and tendons) |
| interneurons | bridge between sensory neuron and motor neuron |
| polarized | plasma membrane of a resting neuron |
| depolarization | influx of sodium ions that changes polarity of membrane |
| action potential (nerve impulse) | transmitted signal; all-or-none response |
| repolarization | sodium-potassium pump restores initial concentration of ions |
| neuron-to-neuron communication | release of neurotransmitter from one neuron to another |
| reflex | rapid, predictable, involuntary response to a stimulus |
| reflex arcs | reflexes occur over neural pathways that involve both PNS and CNS |
| somatic reflexes | reflexes that stimulate skeletal muscles |
| autonomic reflexes | reflexes that stimulate smooth and cardiac muscles |
| first step of reflex arc | sensory receptor in reflex arc |
| second step of reflex arc | sensory neuron in reflex arc |
| third step of reflex arc | integration center in reflex arc |
| fourth step of reflex arc | motor neuron in reflex arc |
| fifth step of reflex arc | effector organ in reflex arc |
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